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Bourque—Middle–Late Miocene Kinosternon


WaKeeney fauna; however, the vouchers of this record more likely represent the xiphiplastron and nuchal from an extinct species of Kinosternon (described below) (Bourque, 2011). The author has reexamined some of the turtle fossils from


theWaKeeney Local Fauna that were collected by the Michigan State University field expeditions, and will here add some comments previously unreported on the turtle fauna. A chelydrid, Macrochelys Gray, 1856a, is present in the fauna and represented by a single posterior neural (probably N5) bearing the lot catalog number MSU-VP 1177. It has a highly protuberant mid-dorsal keel that is much more pronounced than that of Chelydra Schweigger, 1812, and compares well to Macrochelys in having a deeply stepped vertebral scute sulcus where it crosses the mid-dorsal keel. The neural is unbroken yet small in size (11.54mm long and 13.79mm wide) and as such belonged to a small subadult (under 150mm carapace length). The presence of Macrochelys supports the hypothesis that this was a fluvial deposit. At least two small deirochelyine emydids are represented in


the fauna by costals, peripherals, plastral fragments, and a neural (again all under the lot catalog number MSU-VP 1177). The neural (an N2) is anteriorly symmetrically short-sided and broadest anteriorly. It measures 18.09mm long and 18.87mm wide. In its size, shape, proportions, thinness, and surface texture, this neural compares well to Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille, 1801). It is smaller and thinner than that of Deirochelys carri Jackson, 1978, but is similar in shape, proportions, and surface texture. The deirochelyine costals however do not resemble D. reticularia or D. carri, as they lack crenulations on the dorsum. They also lack distally positioned proximal rib ends on the visceral face, which are characteristic of extant D. reticularia. The costals do compare well with Chrysemys picta, and cf. Chrysemys was reported from the WaKeeney fauna by Wilson (1968). However, Wilson (1968) acknowledged that a nuchal that he identified as cf. Chrysemys did not exactly compare well to extant C. picta.


Love Bone Bed, Alachua County, Florida.—The Love Bone Bed is a highly fossiliferous late Clarendonian (10–9 Ma) fluvial deposit in Alachua County, Florida, (Webb et al., 1981; Tedford et al., 2004) (Fig. 1). Faunal components indicate an array of paleoenvironments associated with a riverine community, such as estuarine, lentic, open country, and deciduous forest habitats (Webb et al., 1981). The majority of mammals were open grassland or savanna dwellers (Webb et al., 1981). The site is rich in fossil freshwater turtles and land tortoises that include the emydids Pseudemys caelata (Hay, 1908), Deirochelys carri, and Pseudemys williamsi (Rose and Weaver, 1966); two testudinid species (large and small); a chelydrid, cf. Chelydra sp.; a trionychid; and a kinosternid, Kinosternon n. sp. (descri- bed below) (Webb et al., 1981; Bourque, 2013). The emydids, trionychid, and giant testudinid are represented by hundreds of isolated shell bones and postcranial elements, and some nearly complete shells and skulls represent the emydids and the trionychid. However, the chelydrid (N = 1) and Kinosternon n. sp. (N = 8) are the least common chelonians in the fauna, collectively represented by nine identified specimens in total. This could indicate that these two taxa preferred habitats


823


adjacent to the fluvial system that the Love Bone Bed represents, such as floodplain swamps or other lentic backwaters.


Systematic paleontology


Institutional abbreviations.—AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York; ETMNH, East Tennessee State University Museum of Natural History collections, ETSU and General Shale Natural History Museum, Gray, Tennessee; FAM, Frick Collection, Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York; FLMNH, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; FM, Department of Vertebrate Paleonto- logy, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; KU, Biodiversity Institute, Division of Herpetology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas; MSUM and MSU VP, Michigan State University Museum, East Lansing, Michigan; NMMNH, Division of Paleontology, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico; UCMP, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, California; UF, Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF/H, Division of Herpetology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; UF/TRO, Timberlane Research Organization (John Waldrop Collection), now housed at the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida; UNSM, University of Nebraska State Museum, Division of Vertebrate Paleontology, Lincoln, Nebraska; USNM, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C.


Anatomical abbreviations.—Anatomical descriptions of shell bones and scutes, as well as their corresponding abbreviations follow Hutchison and Bramble (1981), Hutchison (1991), and Iverson (1991). Bones: C, costal; N, neural; P, peripheral. Scutes: M, marginal; PLR, pleural; V, vertebral.


Material examined.—Fossil specimens examined during this study include: ETMNH 4687, ETMNH 4867, ETMNH 7643, ETMNH 10000, ETMNH 13912, FAM 9090, FAM 12744, FAM 12778, FAM 13013, FAM 13014, FAM 13822, FM P12214, MSU VP 771 (comprising two specimens), MSU VP 1177 (comprising multiple specimens that include shell fragments, limb elements, and osteoderms of different chelonian taxa, as well as small artiodactyl foot bones), NMMNH 63853; UF 43031, UF 13893, UF 111725, UF 150029–150032, UF 150034, UF 287349, UF 287350, UF 225682, UF 239822, UF 239905–239907, UF 246630–246634, UF/TRO 2621, UF/TRO 1964, UF/TRO1996,UNSM125577,USNM483389. Modern kinosternids examined for comparative purposes include skeletal and wholly preserved specimens housed in the Division of Herpetology at the FLMNH (see Bourque [2012b] and Bourque and Schubert [2015] for a complete list of speci- mens examined with the exception of Kinosternon sonoriense sonoriense, UF/H 153871).


Nomenclature.—Species group names for closely related crown taxa are used throughout this paper. These follow Bourque


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