Carmichael’s Concise Review
covalently anchored to the polymer network. Because the biologic specimen had been swelled, the object was mostly water and scattering was eliminated. T e entire process of labeling, gelation, digestion, expansion, and imaging is called expansion microscopy (ExM).
Chen et al. performed ExM to examine microtubules
in fi xed human embryonic kidney cells. With confocal laser scanning microscopy they compared pre- and post-ExM images and found them to be visually indistinguishable, suggesting that ExM caused practically no distortion. T ey also compared pre-ExM samples examined with a super-resolution structured illumination microscope to post-ExM specimens examined with a confocal microscope and showed that microtubule networks were more sharply resolved by ExM. T ey then examined mouse brain tissue ( Figure 1 ) and found the post-ExM measurement errors were only 2 to 4%. Labeling for pre- and post-synaptic molecules showed that ExM enables multiscale imaging and visualization of nanoscale features within volumes relevant to understanding neural circuits. T is new technique off ers great promise. Chen et al. suggest that by tuning the material properties of the ExM polymer, such as the density of cross-links, yet higher eff ective resolutions may be possible!
References [1] F Chen et al., Science 347 ( 2015 ) 543 – 48 . [2] T e author gratefully acknowledges Dr. Edward Boyden for reviewing this article.
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