bmWv PmXn F∂Xv sIm≠v hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. G‰hpw Ipd™ a¿±\w sIm≠v \ne-\n¬°p∂ G‰hpw a¿±-I-kz-`m-h-ap≈ H∂mWv PmXn {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xw. IS-en¬ ac-WsØ ap∂n¬ ImWp∂ ap°p-h≥ AXns\ [oc-ambn AXn-Po-hn-bv°p-tºmƒ Ic-bnse {_mlva-W-\p-ap-ºn¬ ap´p-hndbv°p∂-sX-¥n\v F∂v Kpcp tNmZn-°p-∂p. 32 ASn amdn\n¬°m-\pw, 64 ASn AIew ]men-bv°m\pw A[-xÿn-X≥ kzbw B{K-ln-®n-´√ sNøp-∂Xv adn®v PmXn {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw B⁄m-]n-°p-I-bm-Wv. F.-sI.- Pn.-bpsS Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ t]meokpw ]´m-f-hp-a-S-°-ap≈ a¿±-\- ap-d-Isf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ sX√pw `b-an-√mØ Xs‚ AΩ {_m“- W-im-]sØ `b-°p-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
\m´nse G‰hpw A[x-ÿn-X-t\m-sSm∏w Pohn-®v, DW-°- a’yw Ign-®v, ap°p-h-®m-f-bn¬ Dd-ßn. ap…o-an-s\mØv amwk-`- £Ww Ign-®v, Bcmepw Xncn™p t\m°mØ tcmKn-Iƒs°m∏w Pohn-®mWv Kpcp Pohn-X-Øns‚ alm-]mTw ]Tn-®-Xv, Xs‚ D∂X Nn¥-I-fn¬ t]mepw Cu A[x-ÿnX Pohn-X-ßsf At±lw Iq´n-s°m≠p h∂p. C∂pw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ta¬t°m-bvabv°p ap∂n¬ ap´p-Ip-Øn-b-Xn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv \mw apjvSn Npcp-´p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ C¥y≥ Pohn-X-Øn¬ auen-I-amb am‰-߃ C√msX t]mIp-∂p.
\S-cm-P-Kp-cp-hns‚ ""The word of the Guru'' {io\m-cm-b-W- Kpcp i¶-c-aXw kzoI-cn-®-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. ]t£ Kpcp Xs∂ ]d-bp∂p ""PmXn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ alm-\mb i¶-c≥ sNdnb Bfm-sW∂v. AXv i¶-c-Nm-cy-tcm-Sp≈ BZ-c-hm-Wv. Km‘n-Pn- bpsS h¿Æm-{i-a-hy-h-ÿsb]‰nbpw Kpcp- ]d-bp-∂Xv At±lw th≠{X Btem-Nn-∏n-´n-√m-bncnbv°mw F∂m-Wv.
Btflm-]-tZi iX-I-Ønse ""Ah-\-h-\mfl kpJ-Øn-\m- N-cn-bv°p-∂h A]cs‚ kpJ-Øn-\mbv htcWw'' F∂ hmN-I- ߃°mWv P\m-[n-]-Xy-hm-Zn-Iƒ ap≥K-W\ sImSp-°p-I. F∂m¬ Cu ""a‰p≈''hsc-°p-dn-®p≈ G‰hpw kq£va-amb hmb\bmWv Kpcp ChnsS \S-Øp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv \Ωƒ Xs∂ a‰p≈-h-cpsS `mK-am-sW∂v \Ωƒ kzbw a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ \ap°pw a‰p-≈-h¿°pw XΩn-ep≈ AIew Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.
""Ah-\n-h-s\-∂-dn-bp-∂-sXm-s°-tbm¿Øm¬ Ah-\nbn-em-Zn-a-am-sbm-cm-fl-cq]w''
F∂o c≠p hcn-I-fn-emWv At±-l-Øns‚ A≤ym-fln-I- ImgvN∏mSns‚ tI{µw. a\p-jy, kky, P¥p-{]-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ am{Xw Ah-km-\n-bv°mØ {]]-©m-h-t_m-[-amWv AXv. ⁄m\-tØm- sSm∏w A⁄m\-sØbpw A`nhmZyw sNøp∂ GI-t_m-[-am- W-Xv.
1905˛¬ sIm√Øv Im¿jn-Ihymhkm-bnI {]Z¿i-\-Øn\v Hcp k\ymkn t\XrXzw \¬In F∂Xv At±lw (1903-˛¬ Fkv.- F≥.-Un.]n cq]w-sIm-≈p∂p). `uXn-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {]Xy-£- a-fi-e-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-sIm≠v apX-em-fn-Ø-Øn-te°v D≈ am‰-Øn¬ A[-ÿn-X-t\m-sSm∏w hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ \ne- ]m-sS-Sp-°p∂p F∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. (1857-˛¬ Xs∂ hyh-km- bn-I-fp-sSbpw πmt‚-gvkn-s‚bpw kwL-S\ cq]w sIm≠n-´p-≠v. 1856-˛¬ Kpcp P\n-°p-∂p, i¶-cs‚ AssZzXw `uXnI Pohn-X- Øn\v apJw Xncn™p \n¬°p-tºmƒ {io\m-cm-b-Ws‚ AssZzXw {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]S-°-f-Øn-te°v Cdßn \n¬°p-∂p. CXv i¶-cs‚ AssZz-X-tØm-Sp≈ {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Din-c≥ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-Wv. 1897-˛¬ Acp-hn-∏p-dØv 111 t«mI-ß- fmWv injy¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. ]n∂oSv AXv 100 Bbn {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øn, Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-ambn 1898-˛¬ cq]w sIm≠p.
CtX-h¿jw Xs∂ temIsØ BZysØ ss[j- Wn-I-am-\n-s^tÃm Hcp Iq´w _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ cq]w \¬In.
c≠p coXn-bn-emWv Kpcp PmXnsb t\cn-´-Xv. H∂v imkv{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Homo sapience F∂ kv]ojo-kmbn BWv a\p-jy-Pm-Xnsb I≠- Xv. PmXn-\n¿W-bw, PmXn-e-£Ww F∂o {lkz-Ir- Xn-I-fn¬ Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ""a\p-jymWmw a\p- jy-Xzw...'' XpS-ßnb Bi-b-ß-fmWv apt∂m´p hbv°p-∂-Xv. ]pW¿∂p s]dp-∂-sX√mw Hcn-\w, ]pW-cm-Ø-Xn-\-a-√, C\-am-an∂v CW-bmbv HØp Im◊-Xpw. Cu Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂v Btflm-]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Ønse {]nb-samcp PmXn {]nb-samcp aXw, {]nb-samcp PohnXw F∂ Btflm- ]-tZ-i-i-X-I-Ønse Bflob ImgvN∏mSn-te°v hf- cp-Ibpw ""X≥{]nbw A]-c-{]n-b-sa-∂-dn-™n-tSWw'' F∂ BZ¿i-]-c-ambn PmXnsb t\cn-Sp∂ c≠m- asØ L´w kao-]-\sØ apt∂m´p hbv°p-∂p. CXv ae-bmfn Hmtcm ho´nepw FgpXn kq£n-t°≠ B]vX-hm-Iy-am-Wv. {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ {]Xn-jvT- I-fnepw Cu A\p-{I-a-amb hf¿®-bp-≠v. BZyw Cug- h-in-h-s\-bmWv {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂-Xv. 1908-˛¬ sambm- cØv i¶-c≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb {]Imcw Xe-t»-cn-bn¬, am¥-e-aq- -Xv, imkv{X-hn-[n-{]-Imcw A[xÿnX\v {]Xn-jvTbv°v Ah-Im-i-apt≠m F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v ""CXv Cug-h-in-h-\m-sW∂v'' Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ adp- ]Sn ]d-™-Xv. Bcm-[-\-bv°p≈ P\m-[n-]-Xy-A-h- Im-i-Øns‚ AP-≠-bm-Wv. 1888-˛¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ hgn-Øn-cn-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv ]pen- hm-Xp-°¬ them-bp-[≥ sshZy¿ At±-lsØ Xncp- h-\-¥-]p-cØp≈ Hcp t£{X-Øn¬ sIm≠p-t]m- hp-Ibpw A[xÿnX\v {]kmZw Fdn-™p-sIm-Sp- °p-∂, AXv In´m≥ \mbv°-tfmSv a√n-Sp∂ ImgvN I≠Xv. CXmWv {]Xn-jvT-bpsS ]m›m-Ø-ew. Hdo- k-bnse Iµ-am¬ Iem-]-Im-eØv kn.-]n.Fw ]m¿´n Hm^o-kp-Iƒ {InkvXo-bm-cm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fm-b-Xp- t]mse Hcp P\m-[n-]-Xy-A-h-Im-i-amWv ChnsS ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xv. ChnsS {]m¿∞\ am{X-a-√, ASn- ®-a¿Ø-s∏-´-hs‚ \ne-hn-fn- Iq-Sn-bmWv tI´Xv. \ap- °p-sam-∂mImw F∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v 1888 Ipw`-am- k-Ønse ]u¿Æ-an-bn¬ A¿[-cm-{Xn-bn¬ i¶-c≥ Ipgn-sb∂ A]-I-S-I-c-amb Npgn-bn¬ apßn-ØmWv Hcp I√p-ambn s]mßnb Kpcp, B I√papb¿Øn- ]n-Sn®v sh≈-Øn¬ aWn-°qdpItfmfw \n∂p F∂pw I-Æp-\o¿ [mc-[mcbmbn {]h-ln®psh∂p-amWv Ncn{Xw. ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ a\p-jy-cpsS \ne-hnfn Bbn-cp∂p AXv. A√msX at{¥m-®m-c-W-ß-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbm-sS-b√ B {]XnjvT \S-Øn-b-Xv. Ncn- {X-t_m-[-an-√mØ Hcp ]‰w Chn-sS-bp≈ Bbn-c- °-W-°n\v {]Xn-jvT-I-tfm-sSm∏w AXn-s\bpw Fgp- Xn-h-bv°p-I-bm-Wv. hmKv`-K-\m-\-µ≥ Cßs\ I√p- Iƒ \m´p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ ""\ap°p sskzcyw Xct≠'' F∂p tNmZn-bv°p-∂p-≠v. AhnsS \n∂v ]n∂oSv hnf°p {]Xn-jvTn-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv kXyw, Zb XpS-ßnb aqey-ß-fn-te°pw Ah-km\w IÆmSn {]XnjvTbn-te°pw FØp-∂p.
sIPnHF \yqkv \hw_¿ 2016 27
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