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yellow rings, often with a darker green sward inside of the yellow ring. Unlike fairy rings, this new disease does not have any ‘mushroom’ smell associated with the infected turf, and a microscopic analysis of the isolated fungus can confirm the clear difference between the causal fungi.
However, if infected turf is incubated under conditions of high relative humidity for twenty-four hours, fungal mycelium will develop in the sward, at the base of the turf and over the surface of the exposed rootzone, and these symptoms can appear like those for fairy rings. Temperatures above 16O
C
can initiate disease development, and the symptoms are often more severe where rootzone nitrogen and water levels are low. Because the disease was initially recorded on Agrostis turf, the common name of Brown Ring Patch has been increasingly adopted for this disease, but Waitea Patch continues to be used by some researchers.
In 2010, The Turf Disease Centre received reports of unusual fairy ring developments on golf courses from across Europe (Fig. 5) and DNA analysis completed by AFBI (Northern Ireland) on the
isolated fungi, has now confirmed the presence of this new disease in the UK, Ireland and Germany.
Due to the close similarity in symptom development to superficial fairy rings, it is likely that this new disease of Brown Ring Patch is developing more widely across Europe than we are currently aware of, but is being understandably misdiagnosed as superficial fairy rings. As with the non- fungal disease of Rapid Blight, Brown Ring Patch can be confirmed by laboratory assessment but, for this fungal disease, isolation of the fungus and microscopic analysis of the developing structures (as well an DNA analysis) is required for accurate identification.
The realisation that these new turf diseases are developing across Europe is due, in no small part, to Course Managers and Head Greenkeepers in recognising these atypical symptoms and requesting formal
identification, and I am very grateful to them for working with me to confirm these diagnoses.
In addition, I would like to thank A. Pereira Jordão, Lda, Portugal for sending the first turf sample with Brown Ring Patch received in 2007, David Stansfield
(David Stansfield Ltd) for collaboration regarding the recent Rapid Blight outbreak that was confirmed in the UK during 2011, and the Regional Managers of Headland Amenity Ltd and Tony Kvedaras (ITS Ltd) for collaboration regarding the outbreaks of Brown Ring Patch in Ireland and the UK.
During 2012, their
continued collaboration on these new diseases will be very much appreciated and, in addition, the Technical Representatives and Area Managers at Everris Ltd and Syngenta Crop Protection UK Ltd have also indicated their willingness to notify me of possible outbreaks of these new disease problems.
Collaboration on this work is not restricted - if you believe that either of these new diseases are a problem on your course, please get in touch to discuss how we can help.
All details will remain confidential and only regional data will be used to identify the distribution of these diseases in any future articles.
Turf disease problems never seem to be too far away, but it is hoped that we can all work together for the benefit of our Industry.
Fig. 4. Close-up of Rapid Blight in the UK, 2011 (photograph courtesy David Stansfield, David Stansfield Ltd)
Fig. 5. General symptoms of Brown Ring Patch (Waitea Patch) in the UK, 2011 (photograph courtesy Tony Kvedaras, ITS Ltd)
Dr Kate Entwistle, The Turf Disease Centre, Waverley Cottage, Sherfield Road, Bramley, Hampshire RG26 5AG ENGLAND
Telephone: 01256 880246 Fax: 01256 880178 Mobile: 07879 468641
kate@theturfdiseasecentre.co.uk www.theturfdiseasecentre.co.uk
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