SAND TYPE SELECTION AND USE
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Peter Britton on 01747 855335 email:
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TURF SUPPLIERS
drainage system so as to improve the drainage response. Slit trench drainage refers to
narrow trenches from which the soil has been removed, usually 50mm wide and 200-300mm deep, partly backfilled with gravel and topped with sand. Gravel band drainage refers to bands of gravel, or sand, installed using a trenchless method - i.e. a solid vibrating tine slicing through the soil with the permeable fill being placed simultaneously. These techniques, along with sand placement/grooving, subsoiling and mole ploughing, increase surface infiltration and improve drainage of the surface and upper layers. Secondary drainage treatments should only take place over a properly designed and correctly installed primary piped drainage scheme.
Slit Trench Drainage
Slit trench drainage consists of an intensive system of narrow trenches backfilled with permeable materials running approximately at right angles to the drainage. They may be spaced as closely as 500mm apart but spacings of 1-2 metres are more common. Their purpose is to move excess soil water speedily to the piped system. Specialised trenching machines should be used to cut and backfill the slits. The machines should be fitted with spoil conveyors to load transport leaving the sward clean and uncontaminated. The trenches or slits are normally filled with a suitable coarse sand or with suitable 5 - 10mm washed gravel topped with sand.
The correct depth of permeable
backfill must be maintained at all times and specialist hoppers should be free-running and frequently inspected for blockages.
Spacing of slits, length of run
between underdrains, and the depth of the slits depends on the soil type, the sporting activity and the intended intensity of use. Also, the close spacing gives a very rapid drainage response
where the piped drains are spaced 5-7m apart; less so where the piped drains are 10m apart. Annual sand top dressings at the rate of 150 tonnes per hectare should be stipulated for the following 2 - 3 years to further enhance this system.
Gravel Band Drainage
Gravel band drainage consists of an intensive matrix of sand or gravel bands running at right angles to the underdrainage. The bands are usually 20mm wide, spaced a maximum 500mm apart, up to 250mm deep and backfilled with 2-4mm gravel or with one of the manufactured products; e.g. Lytag. The installation work is undertaken when soil moisture levels are medium to high to prevent heave. As with slit trench drainage, in the early years soil shrinkage can cause some settlement of the permeable fill in the bands in very dry weather. However, the bands being narrow and more closely spaced, the settlement is usually far less pronounced. Where action needs to be taken an overall sand dressing worked in with a mat usually suffices.
MAINTENANCE Sand Top Dressing
Following drainage operations, primary or secondary, a suitable sand top dressing is
recommended. Care should be taken to spread the sand evenly over the surface. Application should be by means of specialist low ground pressure equipment to prevent damage or compaction and the sand should be worked into the turf to prevent smothering.
Annual sand top dressings at
the rate of 120-150 tonnes per hectare should be stipulated for the following 2 - 3 years to further enhance the drainage system. Further information on
Sportsturf Drainage can be downloaded from the LDCA website
www.ldca.org and a list of LDCA members can be found by clicking on Members Directory.
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Specialist growers of sportsturf with a wide range of grades, rootzones, thick and fibre reinforced turf
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www.pitchcare.com 97
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