| hair research | ARTICLE
was found to reverse miniaturisation over an 8-month period when compared to a control. This procedure is still under investigation.
Adipose-derived stem cells and hair restoration stem cells have been sought for the treatment of a range of medical conditions, such as facial rejuvenation and for a variety of anti-ageing techniques. adipose tissue has been shown to contain adult mesenchymal stem cells that have a therapeutic application in regenerative medicine (14). For scalp treatment, the focus is on isolation of the stromal vascular fraction (sVF).abdominal wall fat cells extracted using lipoaspiration have been used to treat diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke for example. success has been reported in the majority of cases (15).a standard benchtop centrifuge is required to perform the fat processing. it takes only 2 months to see the growth of new hair compared with 3–6 months after FUT. stem cells of the hair follicle are found in the bulge
area of the pilosebaceous unit. intradermal injection of activated adipose tissue-derived autologous stem cells may stimulate these stem cells to restore the normal hair cycle, changing the vellus hair back into terminal hair, or halting the process of miniaturisation in areas programmed for aGa. even if adipose-derived stem cells are effective, would
the effect on the hair cycle be short lived, ultimately overrun by the genetic dominance toward aGa? This procedure is currently under investigation.
Prospective molecules in research extensive research indicates that minoxidil or finasteride will not significantly help the majority of balding men and women (16), although they will help a specific population of minimally balding young men or women aged 18–21 years. This research has led to greater insight into research for other possible medications to treat male and/or female pattern baldness: ■ Prostaglandins. hair growth can be stimulated by prostaglandins. Latanoprost (PGF2X), currently used as a treatment for glaucoma, also initiates the growth of eyelashes. it might be considered a future treatment for male or female aGa ■ TrPV1 (transient vanilloid receptor 1) is a receptor activated by the capsaicin contained in black pepper, which is an inhibitor of hair growth. The development of antagonists might stimulate hair growth and decrease the evolution to catagen ■ cannabinoïds (cB) increase the evolution through the catagen phase. cB1 antagonists might be a future treatment of alopecia ■ L-carnitine, made from amino acids, is a good hair growth stimulator in vitro with apoptose decrease and stimulation of the hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation. Local or general treatment with L-carnitine might be a treatment for alopecia ■ interferon-gamma. In
vitro, interferon-gamma stimulates a catagen evolution
Figure 5 Androgenetic alopecia in twins. Left: non-treated brother (34 years); Right: treated brother 11 months after finasteride oral treatment
■ anti-sense oligonucleotide (aO). hair growth is regulated by many growth factors, such as insulin, fibroblast, vascular endothelial growth factors. some of these growth factors accelerate the transition from the anagen to catagen phase. The block of the synthesis of this molecule with aO is a potential treatment for aGa ■ Tacrolimus has not only an immunomodulation effect, but it can also, similary to minoxidil, stimulate entry into the anagen phase, possibly owing to hair growth factor synthesis (vascular endothelial growth factor; hepatocyte growth factor) ■ Zinc. in a murine model, high doses of zinc initiated delaying the anagen phase and the extension of the catagen phase.
Cannabinoïds (CB) increase the evolution
through the catagen phase. CB1 antagonists might be a future treatment of alopecia.
Research in cellular therapy Follicular cell implantation Follicular cell implantation for hair restoration (17) is based on the hair inductive power of the dermal papilla (DP) cell, a property that the DP retains throughout adult life. DP cells
can be expanded in culture, which makes it possible to take cells from a few dozen donor follicles and generate enough cells to induce many thousands of new follicles. The research has suggested a number of strategies for hair regeneration (17):
prime-journal.com | May 2011 ❚ 49
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