This page contains a Flash digital edition of a book.
| boTulInum ToxIn A | arTICle


Figure 17 This 57-year-old before and frowning 2 weeks after an onabotulinum- toxinA treatment of the glabellar frown and forehead lines


References


3. Carruthers JDA, Glogau, RG, Blitzer, A et al. Advances in facial rejuvenation: Botulinum toxin type A, hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, and combination therapies – Consensus Recommendations. Supplement to Plastic Reconstr Surg 2008;121:5S–30S.


4. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Botulinum toxin type A: history and current cosmetic use in the upper face. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2001;20:71–84


5. Fulton JE. Botulinum toxin. The Newport Beach experience. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:1219–24


6. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. The treatment of glabellar furrow with botulinum A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990;16:83


7. Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA. Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:17–21


8. Blitzer A, Brin MF, Keen MS, Aviv JE. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;119:1018–22


9. Carruthers JD, Lowe NJ, Menter MA, et al.. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for patients with glabellar lines. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112:1089–98


10. Carruthers JA, Lowe NJ, Meneter Ma et al. A muliticanter, double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:840–9


11. Hankins CL, Strimling R, Rogers GS. Botulinum A toxin for glabellar wrinkles: dose and response. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:1181–3


hypersensitivity such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, soft tissue edema, and dyspnea have been extremely rare. When they occur, appropriate medical treatment must be instituted immediately. Figures 16 and 17 are some examples of different


patients treated with onabotulinumtoxinA for glabellar frown lines. Some also had treatment of their forehead frown lines during the same treatment session.


Declaration of interest Dr Anthony V Benedetto is an investigator at Basel Healthcare, and a consultant for Medica, Liposonix, and Shire. He is also a speaker for Allergan, Dusa, Johnson & Johnson, Lumenis, Osyris Medical, and Merz Pharma Group; a stock shareholder of Allergan, Elan, and BioDelivery Systems; and a recipient of honoraria from Brothers Healthcare.


12. Lowe NJ, Maxwell A, Harper H. Botulinum A exotoxin for glabellar folds; a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a electromyographic injection technique. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:569–72


13. Pribitkin EA, Greco TM, Goode RL, Keane WM. Patient selection in the treatment of glabellar wrinkles with botulinum toxin type A injection. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:321–6


14. Roth JM, Metzinger SE. Quantifying the arch position of the female eyebrow. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2003;5:235–9


*G- Gunter, JP & Antrobus, SD. Aesthetic Analysis of the Eyebrows. Plast Reconst Surg. 1997, 99(7): 1808-1816.


*H- http://ricebunny.xanga.com/611662957/ basic-eyebrows-tutorial/ accessed 6/14/2010.


*I- Baker, SB, Dayan, JH, Crane, A and Kim, S. The Influence of Brow Shape on the Perception of Facial Form and Brow Aesthetics. 2007, 119(7): 2240 – 2247.


*A- Alam M, Dover JS, Klein AW, & Arndt KA. Botulinum A Exotoxin for Hyperfunctional Facial Lines: Where Not to Inject. Arch Dermatol. 2002; 138: 1180-1185


15. Trindade de Almeida ART. Patterns of glabellar contraction: a preliminary report. Surg Cosmet Dermatol 2010; 2(1): 23-8.


16. Benedetto AV, Lahti JG. Measurements of the anatomical position of the corrugator supercilii. Derm Surg 2005;31:923–7


17. Wieder JM, Moy RL. Understanding botulinum toxin. Surgical anatomy of the frown, forehead, and periocular region. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:1172–4


18. Macdonald MR, Spiegel J, Raven RB et al. An anatomical approach to glabellar rhytides. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;124:1315–20


19. Daniel RK, Landon B. Endoscopic forehead lift. Anatomic basis. Aesthet Surg 1997;17:97–104


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


This chapter is an edited excerpt from Botulinum Toxins in Clinical Aesthetic Practice, 2nd edition, by A. V. Benedetto. It should be clarified that while the basic concepts are presented here, further discussion and detail have been edited out to facilitate this condensed entry in the Prime journal. More details on treatment, specific cases, management of adverse outcomes, together with many more figures and detailed descriptions on treating other areas in the upper face are included in the book chapter ‘Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin A in the upper face’ published in this book. The book is available from Informa Healthcare at www. informahealthcarebooks.com


20. Cook, Jr. BE, Lucarelli MJ, Lemke BN. Depressor supercilii muscle: anatomy, histology, and cosmetic implications. Opthalmic PIast Reconstr Surg 2001;17:404–11


21. Botox Cosmetic [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Allergan, Inc., 2002


22. Alam M, Dover JS, Arndt KA. Pain associated with injection of botulinum A exotoxin reconstituted using isotonic sodium chloride with and with out


preservative: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:510–14


23. Klein AW, Mantell A. Electromyographic guidance in injecting botulinum toxin. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:1184–6


24. Jankivic, J. Needle EMG guidance for injection of botulinum toxin: Needle EMG guidance is rarely required. Muslce Nerve 2001: 24; 1568.


25. Blitzer A, Binder WJ, Aviv JE. The management of hyperfunctional facial lines with botulinum toxin: a collaborative study of 210 injection sites in 162 patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:389–92


26. Fagien S. Botulinum toxin type A for facial aesthetic enhancement: role in facial shaping. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112:6S–18S


27. Binder WJ, Blitzer A, Brin MF. Treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face with botulinum toxin A. Derm Surg 1998;24:1198–205


28. Carruthers J, Fagien S, Matarasso, SV et al. Consensus recommendations on the use of botulinum toxin type A in facial aesthetics. Supplement to Plastic Reconstr Surg 2004;114:1S–18S


29. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Botulinum A exotoxin in clinical ophthalmology. Can J Ophthalmol 1996;30:389–400


30. Carruthers J & Carruthers A.. Prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, dose- ranging study of botulinum toxin type A in men with glabellar rhytides. . Dermatol Surg 2005 31: 1297-1303.


31. Benedetto AV. The cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin type A. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:641–55


32. Fagien S, & Raspaldo, H. Facial rejuvenation with botulinum neurotoxin: an anatomical and experiential perspective. J Cosmetic & Laser Ther. 2007; 9(suppl 1): 23-31.


33. Rzany, B, Aschner, B, Fratila, A et al. Efficacy and safety of 3- and 5-injection patterns (30 and 50 U) of botulinu, toxin A (Dysport) for the treatment of wrinkles in the glabella and the central forehead region. Arch Derm 2006: 142; 320-326.


34. Gassia V. Botulinum toxin A in the treatment of the wrinkles in the upper third of the face. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2008: 135; S175 – S180.


35. Huang W, Rogachefsky AS, Foster JA. Browlift with botulinum toxin. Dermatol Surg 2000;26:55–60


36. Frankel AS, Kamer FM. Chemical browlift. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;124:321–3


37. Ahn MS, Cotton M, Maas CS. Temporal browlift using botulinum toxin A. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:1129– 35


38. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Clinical indications and injection technique for the cosmetic use of botulinum A exotoxin. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:1189–94


39. Fagien S. Temporary management of upper lip ptosis, lid malposition, and eyelid fissure asymmetry with botulinum toxin type A. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004; 114: 1892-1902.


*B- Alam M, Arndt KA, Dover JS. Severe, intractable headache following injection with botulinum A exotoxin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 46: 62-65.


40. Northington ME, Huang CC. Dry eyes and superficial punctuate keratitis: a complication of treatment of glabellar dynamic rhytides with botulinum exotoxin A. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:1515–17


41. Fagien S. Botox for the treatment of dynamic and hyperkinetic facial lines and furrows; adjunctive use in facial aesthetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;103:701–13


42. Fagien, S. Botulinum toxin type A for facial aesthetic enhancement: Role in facial shaping. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 112 (Supple 5); 6S – 18S.


43. Hsu TS, Dover JS, Arndt KA. Effect of volume and concentration on the diffusion of botulinum exotoxin A. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:1351–4


44. Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Cohen J. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, dose- ranging study of botulinum toxin type A in female subjects with horizontal forehead rhytides. Dematol Surg 2003;29:461–7


45. Flynn TC, Clark RE. Botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc) versus botulinum toxin type A (Botox) frontalis study: rate of onset and radius of diffusion. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:519–22.


46. Rohrich RJ, Janis, JE, Fagien, S, and Stuzin, JM. The Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 112; 117S – 187S.


47. Le Louarn C. Botulinum toxin A and facial lines: the variable concentration. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2001;25:73–84


48. Ozsoy, Z, Genc, B, Gozu, A. A new technique applying botulinum toxin in narrow and wide foreheads. Aesth Plast Surg. 2005; 39: 368-372.


49. Klein AW. Complications and adverse reactions with the use of botulinum toxin. Dis Mon 2002;48;336–56


prime-journal.com | March 2011 ❚


47


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80