Recognizing that healthy and productive coastal
ecosystems, already increasingly stressed by land-based
sources of pollution, coastal development, and habitat
destruction, have a growing role in mitigating the
effects of climate change on coastal communities and
economies in the near term…
We stress the need for sustainable management of
coastal and marine ecosystems, including mangrove,
wetland, seagrass, and coral reefs, as protective and
productive buffer zones that deliver valuable ecosystem
goods and services that have significant potential for
addressing the adverse effects of climate change.
The Manado Declaration (WOC, 2009).
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