from aquatic resources, whether through fisheries or aquacul- directly hamper people’s access to food by constraining individu-
ture, may be impacted by the adaptive capacity of management als’ expression of their entitlements and rights to food.
measures controlling temporal and spatial access.
Utilization of nutrients (i.e. their nutritional value) from fishery
Stability of supply will be impacted by changes in seasonality, products will be affected through changing supply quality and
increased variance of ecosystem productivity, increased supply market chain disruptions. In some cases, a period of adjust-
risks and reduced supply predictability – issues that may also ment will be required to move to species that are not tradition-
have large impacts on supply chain costs and their flexibility to ally consumed. These issues are most critical for countries with
respond to variation. a high per capita consumption of aquatic proteins.
Access to fish for food will be affected by changes in the distribu- Harmful algal blooms (HABs), which affect fisheries, and in
tion of fish species and in livelihoods combined with transferred some cases result in making shellfish and finfish toxic to humans
impacts from other sectors (increases in prices of substitute food are expected to vary in frequency, distribution and timing with
products), competition for supply, and information asymmetries. climate change. HABs are primarily composed of dinoflagellates
Policies and measures tackling climate change impacts may in- (algae/phytoplankton) that can swim up and down the water col-
Species turnover
Figure 23.
Biodiversity impact intensity
change in the initial species richness in
2005 relative to 2001-2005 average
0 0.30 0.60 1.20 1.80 4.00 or more
(high-range climate change scenario)
Source: redrawn from Cheung W.W.L. et al., 2009.
51
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71