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2008
NEMA
Water transport at Port Bell on Lake Victoria. In the recent past, the port area has been infested with an algae bloom suspected to be a result of
increased pollution from Kampala City in the immediate hinterland, through Nakivubo Channel, making the water dirty and smelly.
The drainage system of Uganda portrays a dense texture Many of the rivers, especially those of the west, flow
and is highly complex, especially in the western parts sluggishly in unusually wide valleys. The rivers of eastern
of the country. It is mainly influenced by landscape Uganda generally flow in the old courses and in their
structure, as a result of the initial uplift of the African original direction. The rivers of the rift escarpment became
surface in this eastern part of the continent; and then rejuvenated along their lines and flow in their original
the tectonic and volcanic activities that took place direction. Another effect on drainage is the formation
during the later geological times. As result of initial of mountains from which arise, a clear radial pattern of
uplift of the African surface (plateau) the Uganda part drainage systems. The mountains serve as an important
of the plateau is thought to have experienced gradual water tower and perennial source of water for the
tilt westwards. Consequently, most rivers were drained surrounding areas and beyond.
westwards into the River Congo in Central Africa. Later,
with the formation of the uplifted shoulder of the The combination of structure and rich drainage system
Western Rift Valley, the rivers became reversed to flow has made Uganda’s rivers to possess high potential
along their courses into a down-warped axis to form lakes for hydro-electric power production, as most of them
Victoria and Kyoga. pass through a series of falls and rapids. This provides
opportunities for environmental sustainability and
Many rivers flow through valleys with an imperceptible development since hydro power is a clean and cheap
break in swamps from which water flows out in each energy. Additionally, it is a potential substitute to some
direction. of the fossil fuel and fuel-wood energy sources to meet
needs in the country.
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