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Biomass Land use/land cover Land use/land cover
km
2
%
Hardwood Plantations 0.31 0.16
Softwood Plantation - -
Tropical High Forest (Normal) 4.90 2.49
Woodlands 0.30 0.15
Bush lands 7.40 3.74
Grasslands 0.80 0.41
Wetlands 14.50 7.36
Subsistence Farmlands 69.00 35.05
2008
Commercial Farmlands 1.22 0.62
NEMA
Built up areas 81.50 41.37
Open water 16.80 8.55
Indiscriminate solid waste disposal in the Nsooba-Lubigi
water channel near Kalerwe market
Impediments 0.19 0.10
Uganda National Bureau of Statistics (UNBS) 2008
Total 197.00 100.00
Table 1: Land use and land cover, Kampala District
Impact of the Changing Environment
Kampala City natural environment faces continued
The problem has been exacerbated by heavy silt and
degradation. The Biomass dynamics show a decline in
solid waste carried by run off from construction sites and
tree resources. There has been an increasing demand
homesteads, respectively.
for charcoal, with increasing pressure on neighboring
Government and Kampala City Council in particular,
district tree resources. The wetlands also face
should make efforts to solve the problem of floods in the
degradation for industrial and housing developments,
City. One of the options would be to identify and gazette
agricultural use, as well as pollution from industrial and
all critical wetlands and drainage systems that serve to
domestic waste.
absorb and regulate storm waters.
Recent developments have seen the clearing of the
Kampala is served by two major wetland systems namely
buffer zones of forests and open spaces, as well as
the Nsooba–Lubigi and Nakivubo Wetland systems. The
encroachment on the wetlands. Buildings and other
ongoing process of gazetting Nakivubo wetland system
forms of infrastructure have replaced the forests, open
for water attenuation and purification needs to be
spaces and the wetland vegetation. The impacts of this
finalised. A similar process should be undertaken for the
change have been far reaching. Most of Kampala’s land
Nsooba – Lubigi wetland system to serve as a storm water
surface in the built up areas is highly paved leading to
attenuation area. The long term interventions therefore,
reduced water infiltration and hence to generation of
would be to resettle people from the flood attenuation
high storm waters. The storm water has of late caused
areas and safe guard the natural drain pattern of the City.
flooding in Bwaise and most low-lying areas of Kampala
City.
Causes of environment changes in Kampala
• Urbanisation
In a bid to fight the floods, a lot of drainage channels
• Wetland encroachment
have been placed and several widened to alleviate the
• Deforestion
problem. The efforts have hardly solved the problem as
This has resulted into increased runoff during the
the constructed drainage channels have failed to contain
downpours causing frequent flooding that are so rampant
the heavy run off leading to continued floods.
in several places in Kampala.
126
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