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components, the DP core aims to broaden students’ educational experience and challenge them to apply their knowledge and skills. The three core elements are: • The extended essay, which is an independent piece of research, finishes with a 4,000-word paper. It provides practical preparation for undergraduate research.
• Theory of knowledge, in which students reflect on the nature of knowledge and on how we know what we claim to know, is assessed through an oral presentation and a 1,600-word essay.
• Creativity, activity, service, which has students complete a project related to these three concepts.
The six subject groups are studies in language
and literature; language acquisition; individuals and societies; sciences; mathematics; and the arts. More than 3,290 schools offer the DP in 153 countries.
The Middle Years Programme Students do a great deal of growing up and changing between the ages of 11 and 16. The Middle Years Programme, which is a whole- school programme, keeps them engaged with learning designed specifically for the age group.
I
n almost 5,000 schools located in 153 countries, more than 1.4 million students are becoming
inquiring, knowledgeable and caring young people who will help to create a better, more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect. They are learning and growing in International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes that are offered to students ages 3 to 19. The continuum of IB programmes has grown
over the organization’s 50-year history. The IB, a nonprofit organization, was founded in 1968 by educators, and its Diploma Programme (DP) for students ages 16 to 19 was implemented in seven schools. The programme aims to develop students who have excellent breadth and depth of knowledge and flourish physically, intellectually and emotionally. In 1994, the IB launched the Middle Years
Programme (MYP), which encourages students ages 11 to 16 to make practical connections between their studies and the real world. Students of all interests and academic abilities can benefit from participating in the MYP. Three years later, the Primary Years Programme
(PYP) was introduced. The PYP prepares students ages 3 to 12 to become active, caring, lifelong learners. It focuses on the development of the whole child. The most recent programme to be offered is
the Career-related Programme (CP). Designed for students ages 16 to 19, the CP addresses the needs of students engaged in career-related education. It leads to further and higher education, apprenticeships or employment. The IB focuses on each student as a whole
person with distinctive learning styles, strengths and challenges. IB programmes provide a well- rounded education that inspires students, meets rigorous international standards and fulfills national curriculum requirements. They help students learn to ask challenging questions, think critically and develop research skills proven to help them in higher education. Students learn how to learn and to value learning as an essential, integral part of their everyday lives. Teachers in IB World Schools—schools
authorized to offer one of the four IB programmes--are given access to high-quality professional development, offered both face-to- face and online, that encourages critical thinking, self-reflection and dedication to lifelong learning and continuous improvement. Each IB programme, while part of a continuum,
provides effective approaches to learning and teaching for its age group. Research suggests that in many cases, IB students perform better than students taking other qualifications. For example, a global study investigating performance in the MYP and PYP found that the IB students outperformed their non-IB peers in mathematics, reading, narrative writing and expository writing. In addition, qualitative data from a 2014 study on the DP in the USA suggested that students who participated in the DP are more academically adjusted to the rigour and expectations of university.
The Diploma Programme Much thought has gone into the Diploma Programme curriculum, which consists of a core and six subject groups. Made up of three required
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