Feature: Sensor Technology
Measuring force Force or torque sensors are another important sensor type. While humans can naturally feel forces — for example, when pushing two objects together — a robot lacks this sensation. Integration of a torque sensor can help give robots ‘feeling’. Tese typically make use of strain gauges, which convert pressure into a measurable electrical signal. Multiple gauges can be combined to determine not only the intensity but also the direction of the force. Te result is a robot that can handle even fragile materials or precisely tighten a screw without going too far to cause damage to the product.
Determining proximity Te last key type for discussion here is the proximity sensor. Tese are particularly helpful to check the angle of the jaw grippers for accurate movement, and can even provide part verification while the part is still inside the gripper. Proximity sensors for this application are commonly inductive.
Using the principles of electromagnetism and Eddy currents, the sensors can detect the metal of the jaws themselves or a metal target attached to the jaws.
Enhancing sensor systems Whether systems contain just one of these sensor types or a combination, they’ll still have something in common: at least one or more ICs. Te aforementioned sensor types will typically produce an analogue signal output. For this signal to be interpreted by the rest of the robot or industrial control system, it must first be digitised.
Te necessary processes of signal amplification, processing
and digitisation may be performed by a standard off-the-shelf IC. But for manufacturers looking to set their sensor apart from the rest, there’s a better solution available. Tis takes the shape of an Application Specific IC, or ASIC. Tis is a completely bespoke chip that has been designed uniquely to fit the specific demands of the application — in this case, a robotic gripper. Te result of bespoke design means the IC can be fully
optimised for superior performance. An ASIC designer will work closely with the manufacturer to discuss the current sensor system and identify the best areas for improvement for maximum benefit. For example, sensor-specific processing functions can be included to improve signal quality and minimise noise to ensure the accuracy of data and therefore movement of the robot. Industrial grippers working with extremely small components such as printed circuit board assemblies will benefit from the enhanced precision offered by an ASIC. Speed can also be improved for reduced latency and real- time decision-making. Tis is particularly important for robots working in a collaborative environment with humans, who may need to make quick decisions to avoid collisions or other accidents when working in a non-predictable environment. Products are growing in complexity while shrinking in
size, making their manufacture more and more challenging. But levelling up plant machinery can help. Custom ICs can help alleviate manufacturer concerns around precision and reliability of their industrial robots, providing the dexterity and capabilities required for modern manufacturing.
www.electronicsworld.co.uk February 2025 17
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