Internet of Things congested environments.
The same protocol that enables the connection to satellites can also be used in the crowded 2.4GHz band. With Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee and Matter networks all competing for access, low power sensors can struggle to be heard. The capabilities of LoRa 2.4GHz provide data rates up to 100kbit/s with a range of 200 to 300m in complex, dense environments to reliably deliver data from sensors. This allows sensors to continuously monitor machine health, predictively scheduling maintenance and reducing unscheduled downtime.
The multi-band satellite capability can also be used to ensure worker health and safety. The tracker can monitor the location of staff in remote areas where there is no network coverage without the risk of running out of battery.
This is also driving the use of multi-band gateways with both sub-GHz and 2.4GHz LoRa capabilities. A single chip being used for high volume tracking applications increases demand for gateways that cover bands from
150 to 960MHz in sub-GHz and 2.4GHz for high bandwidth networks. Again, this helps drive economies of scale with one gateway design working worldwide.
This enables multiband capability: the same tracker to be used in the factory and in the warehouse via 2.4GHz, on the road and at sea via 2GHz satellite, in retail environments and in the smart home or office via sub-GHz. The tracker can use different networks but provides consistent data to the cloud, offering unparalleled visibility across a global supply chain.
The Application Programming Interface
(API) can use the Long Range - Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) for satellite connection and for robust 2.4GHz links, as well as the physical layer requirements of the LoRaWAN standard specification released by the LoRa Alliance. It is also configurable for different application requirements and proprietary protocols. Given this flexibility, security becomes a key consideration. The chip integrates a cryptographic unit to support AES-128 encryption algorithm as well as handling device parameters such as the 64-bit globally unique Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) assigned by
the manufacturer of the end device and defined by the LoRa Alliance. The LoRa Edge LR1120 (capable of transmitting and receiving data at 2.4GHz) is pin compatible with previous generation components and has the same power consumption to simplify upgrading for global geolocation. One device can now be used globally in a single design that dramatically simplifies the cost and management of geolocation trackers of all kinds, whether tracking high value goods across the supply chain, or ensuring worker safety in remote areas. The combination of low power, long battery life, multi-band connectivity, rugged protocols, and Cloud native data handling in the LoRa Cloud Locator with geolocation algorithms provides a powerful tool for monitoring and optimising IoT use cases that is unparalleled compared to other solutions currently available. A single design with battery life of years rather than weeks reduces operating costs and provides the data that enterprises need to make critical decisions.
https://www.semtech.com/lora
www.cieonline.co.uk
Components in Electronics
March 2023 39
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