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on silver nanowires suitable for slot die and screen printing, and inorganic semiconductive nanoinks based on tungsten oxide. These inks are said to present improved properties in terms of stability, transmittance, conductivity and adhesion compared to inks currently in the market used for the development of flexible electronics.
Benjamin Dhuiege, head of R&D at GenesInk, said they are “easy to process, without any toxic component and with high- added value through customisation”. MADRAS has also performed research on inks based on conductive polymers. An ink based on PEDOT:PSS plastic has been developed, providing higher mobility and conductivity.
The use of organic materials suitable for functional layers of printed electronic devices “is linked to the need to optimise the material,” explained Lubomir Kubac, executive head of the Centre for Organic Chemistry (COC).
“Organic-based materials offer a unique opportunity in terms of tuning their electronic properties to achieve suitable functionality in multilayer electronic structures,” added Tomáš Syrový, associate professor at the University of Pardubice. The materials have been processed through In-Mould Electronics, a manufacturing approach combining the functional printing of electronics and the hybridisation of electronic components with traditional plastic transformation processes, such as thermoforming and injection.
https://madras-project.eu/ Brain cells inspire new computer components I
nspired by the brain’s energy efficiency, copying its structure to create more powerful computers, a team of researchers from Politecnico di Milano, Empa and ETH Zurich has developed a memristor that is more powerful and easier to produce than its predecessors. The results have been published in Science Advances.
The researchers are developing computer architectures inspired by the functioning of the human brain through new components that, like brain cells, combine data storage and processing. The new memristors are based on nanocrystals of halogenated perovskite, a semiconductor material known to produce solar cells.
Although most people cannot do mathematical calculations with computer precision, humans can effortlessly process complex sensory information and learn from their experiences - a thing that no computer can (yet) do. And in doing so, the human brain consumes just half the energy of a laptop thanks to its structure in synapses, capable of both storing and processing information. In computers, however, the memory is separate from the processor and data must be continuously transported between these two units. The transport speed is limited and this makes the whole computer slower when the amount of data is very large.
“Our goal is not to replace the classic computer architecture,” said Daniele Ielmini, professor at Politecnico di Milano. “Rather, we want to develop alternative architectures that can perform certain tasks faster and more energy-efficiently. This includes, for example,
the parallel processing of large amounts of data; today this happens everywhere, from agriculture to space exploration.” Based on the measurements, the researchers simulated a complex computational task that corresponds to a learning process in the visual cortex of the brain. The task was to determine the orientation of a light bar based on signals from the retina.
“Halide perovskites conduct both ions and electrons,” said Rohit John, postdoc at ETH Zurich and Empa. “This dual conductivity allows for more complex calculations that are more similar to brain processes.” The technology is not ready for use
yet and simply manufacturing the new memristors makes integrating them with existing computer chips difficult: perovskites cannot handle the 400-500 °C temperatures needed for silicon processing - at least not yet. There are also other materials with similar properties that could be considered for the production of high performance memristors.
“We can test the results of our memristor system with different materials,” said Alexander Milozzi, Ph.D candidate at Politecnico di Milano. “Probably some of them are more suitable for integration with silicon.”
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade0072
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www.techsil.co.uk Components in Electronics March 2023 9
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