black’, he captured an era of uniformity in automotive design. Today, however, consumer expectations are reshaping the automotive landscape. According to global technology consultancy Star’s Global Automotive Industry Outlook 2026, ‘enduring automotive brands are no longer built on how the car drives, but on connected and human-centric experiences’. Buyers want vehicles that seamlessly
integrate with their digital lives, offer personalised interfaces and can continuously evolve through software updates to suit their needs. A 2023 McKinsey & Company study found that 30% of buyers would not purchase a vehicle if it couldn’t integrate with Apple CarPlay or Android Auto, with a further 85% choosing these services over OEM’s own in-car systems. As high-quality user experience (UX)
and connected experiences become important, particularly for younger buyers, safety has shifted from a premium differentiator to a baseline expectation. McKinsey also reported that 42% of buyers are willing to switch cars just to have the most superior Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) capabilities, such as lane-departure warning, automatic emergency braking and parking assistance.
Meeting these growing consumer expectations means that vehicles are becoming as much electronic experiences as mechanical ones. ADAS features rely on a network of
radar, LiDAR, ultrasonic and optical sensors distributed throughout the vehicle. These sensors capture precise, real-time data on distance, position, velocity, surrounding objects and environmental conditions such as fog, low light or high-traffic environments. Consumer appetite for richer infotainment
architecture that enables vehicles to act intelligently and responsively. This architecture consists of signal
conditioning circuits and the processing layer, which together transform raw analogue and digital signals from sensors and user inputs into actionable information for the vehicle.
28 At the signal conditioning layer, analogue
signals from various sensors are stabilised, amplified and filtered to remove noise and interference. For example, camera modules rely on analogue front-end (AFE) circuits to adjust gain, reduce distortion and ensure accurate, reliable images. Radar and LiDAR
hen Henry Ford wrote, ‘Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is
experiences is also reshaping the in-car digital environment. High-resolution touchscreens, haptic controls, voice assistants and personalised driver profiles are now standard expectations, creating interfaces that mirror the speed and simplicity of personal devices while keeping drivers informed and engaged. However, delivering seamless experiences
requires more than sophisticated sensors and interfaces. It depends on the electrical systems that stabilise, convert and process every signal those components generate.
Beneath the visible sensors and user interfaces lies the unseen electrical
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