Test & measurement


Fig. 1: R&S solution for automated high-speed cable testing with the R&S ZNB vector network analyzer and three R&S OSP320 open switch and control units controlled by R&S ZNrun software.


T 22


he internal and external high- speed interfaces face rapidly increasing performance expectations. The launch of modern chatbots such as ChatGPT from OpenAI, Microsoft's Bing Chat or


Google's Bard are driving the trend. Since these chatbots rely on high-performance computing, hardware vendors introduced a modularized computer with three goals: increased data transfer and storage capacity, improved maintenance quality and lower operational costs. A crucial challenge is managing these huge data quantities on high- speed cables where they are transferred from module to module and server to server.


HIGH-SPEED TECHNOLOGIES: IEEE 802.3 AND PCIE


External cables, especially direct attach copper cables (DAC), often follow high-speed ethernet computer network technologies, such as IEEE 802.3100Gigabit ethernet that can support rates of 100 Gbit/s. The inner data traces and cables use peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) technology. PCIe 6.0 supports rates up to 64 Giga transfers per second (GT/s). Internal cables and data traces are used to connect the host processor to nearby peripherals and add-in cards, such as display cards or network interface cards (NIC).


TESTING HIGH-SPEED CABLES High-speed cables are constructed of lanes, which are basically copper wires organized as


EMBRACING AI:


HIGH-SPEED INTERFACE COMPLIANCE TESTING AND BEYOND


High-speed-cable testing can take several days and require substantial effort. The Rohde & Schwarz automated compliance test solution reduces this test time to mere minutes.


Fig. 2: High-speed cable with 2 lanes and corresponding measurements: Through (THR and crosstalk from transmit neighbor lanes to victim lane (NEXT, FEXT)


October 2024 Instrumentation Monthly


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