• • • LIGHTING • • • The Vital Role of Sensors in
Intelligent Lighting Systems Modern lighting is smarter, more efficient and more adaptable than ever, thanks in part to intelligent sensing technology
By Steve Kaye, Forum Lighting P
IR sensors, microwave sensors and photocells each play a vital role in intelligent lighting systems.
Whether you’re looking to cut energy bills,
improve convenience or enhance security, understanding these sensor technologies - and where to use them - is key, as Steve Kaye from Forum Lighting Solutions explains: “We manufacture a large range of different
sensors to suit different purposes. It’s about knowing the right products to use in the right environment – whether that is a home, garden, warehouse or commercial building. “PIR sensors are ideal for residential and
low-traffic areas; microwave sensors offer high sensitivity and a broader detection range, whereas photocells monitor natural light levels and adjust artificial lighting, accordingly, making them perfect for outdoor lighting, burglar alarms and gate automation.”
1. PIR (passive infrared) Sensors: efficient motion detection
PIR sensors detect infrared (IR) radiation emitted naturally by warm objects such as people or animals. These sensors contain a pyroelectric element that identifies rapid changes in temperature across its detection zones. If someone walks into view, the sensor triggers a light, alarm or other device.
Key Features: • Detects body heat movement only • Passive technology (doesn’t emit energy) • Reliable in indoor and low-draft environments
They are perfect for indoor lighting control in
hallways, staircases, toilets and cupboards. They are also great for security lighting in car parks, building entrances and garden floodlights. Commercially, they work well in warehouses, offices and stairwells.
Forum product examples: Dion 180° PIR Sensor – Wall-mountable with a 5–12 m range and timer from 10 seconds to 7 minutes. IP44 rated, suitable for LED fittings.
– Available in white or black.
Loca 360° Recessed PIR Sensor – Ideal for flush ceiling installations, covering up to 6 m with a full 360° range. Timer adjustable from 10s to 15 minutes.
Alia 360° Corner Mount PIR Sensor – Mountable on internal/external corners or flush walls, offering 5–12 m detection and full 360° coverage.
2. Microwave Sensors: powerful and discreet detection
Unlike PIR sensors, microwave sensors emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves (typically 5.8 GHz). When these waves bounce back with a frequency shift (the Doppler effect), motion is detected - even through thin non-metallic materials like glass or plastic.
Key Features: • Detects movement through walls or glass • Greater sensitivity and wider coverage • Less affected by temperature and airflow
These sensors are ideal for high-ceiling or
complex layouts such as within warehouses, corridors and underground car parks. They are useful in high-risk areas where false triggering from heat or airflow is common, and they can be hidden behind panels or ceilings.
Forum product example: Forum Microwave Sensor (ZN-29178-WHT) – Ceiling-mounted, 360° detection, 1–8 m range, time delay 10 s to 30 min, light sensitivity adjustable (3–2000 LUX), and suitable for up to 1200W LED lighting. Offers a compact and flush appearance with silent operation.
3. Photocell Sensors: automated dusk-to-dawn control
Photocell sensors (aka dusk-to-dawn sensors) monitor ambient light levels using a light-sensitive diode or resistor. When natural light drops below a set threshold (e.g., at dusk), the sensor switches connected lights on. When daylight returns, it switches them off.
Key Features: • Light-dependent switching (no motion detection) • Saves energy by ensuring lights operate only at night
• No manual switching required These sensors can be used outdoors on
pathways, driveways and garden features. In a commercial lighting setting, they are useful for storefronts, signage and perimeter lights. Photocell sensors also work well for street and security lighting.
28 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING • SEPTEMBER 2025
Forum product examples: Adra dusk till dawn sensor ZN 25156-BLK – This can be used with any outdoor light fitting to convert it into an automatic on/off when the light levels drop. It is LED compatible and also has an adjustable timer, which controls how long the light stays on for.
Forum Zink Photocell Wall Light (IP44) – Traditional wall-mounted lantern fitted with a built-in dusk-to-dawn sensor. Lights switch on at night and off during the day automatically, ideal for driveways or entrance doors.
Installation tips There are several things to consider when looking to install a sensor. Steve explains; “Think about the height and
positioning of the sensor: always install at manufacturer-recommended heights. You must avoid obstructions - keep PIR and microwave sensors away from furniture, partitions or airflow vents. “At Forum, we think it is important to test and
tune. By this, we mean adjust the timer, sensitivity and lux settings during commissioning to suit the space. And IP ratings matter – only use IP44 or higher for outdoor or damp environments. Forum’s outdoor sensors go up to IP65.” As buildings become more intelligent, sensors
like PIRs, microwaves and photocells help users reduce energy usage, improve safety and enjoy hands-free control.
www.forumlightingsolutions.com
electricalengineeringmagazine.co.uk
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