Contents


are typically chemically synthesised – biologics are large, complex molecules derived from living organisms. The downside is that they are fragile and more susceptible to degradation. A class of excipients known as surfactants are used to mitigate this risk, with polysorbates 20 and 80 the most common choices. Lukas Bollenbach of the Institute of Pharmacy at Martin- Luther University Halle-Wittenberg in Germany, tells Peter Littlejohns about the important role surfactants play, and discusses the potential use of alternatives to polysorbates.


35 Elastomers in the pharmaceutical industry LAST Technology


37 Small size, big impact SPI Pharma


39 From seed to sustainability Euromed


41 Simplifying small molecule synthesis Mimotopes


43 Forging collaborations for a promising future CPHI


44 A green future for peptides The use of peptides has been growing at pace for decades, owing to their high likelihood of regulatory approval and probability of success in clinical trials. But peptide therapeutics have been a target for criticism due to the large amount of wastage that occurs during their production. Peter Littlejohns speaks to Walter Cabri, full professor of organic chemistry in the Department of Chemistry ‘Giacomo Ciamician’ at the University of Bologna; and Alessandra Tolomelli, associate professor in the Department of Chemistry ‘Giacomo Ciamician’, to discuss how their work is giving peptide manufacturers options to lessen their environmental impact.


Supply chain & logistics


47 Pharma 4.0 Tools that take advantage of advances


Pharma 2.0 World Pharmaceutical Frontiers / www.worldpharmaceuticals.net 5 44


in AI and machine learning, alongside other burgeoning technologies, are often marked with a ‘4.0’ suffix to denote that it’s part of the fourth industrial revolution – one in which digital reigns supreme. This next stage in industrialisation is often touted as transformative for pharmaceutical supply chains: but how much change has actually taken place? Andrea Valentino talks to Hui Zhao, associate professor of supply chain management, Smeal College of Business, Penn State University, to understand the supply chain of tomorrow, and explore whether the recent proliferation of new technologies can really be understood as the dawning of Pharma 4.0.


53 Keeping you and your pharma cool KLM


54 Air or sea? The majority of the world’s Pharma 4.0 47


pharmaceuticals are transported by sea freight, owing to its substantially lower cost. The main reason for using air freight is urgency, but the waters became somewhat muddied during the pandemic, when there was an imperative to expedite the transport of a range of products that typically wouldn’t be considered urgent. As the urgency has reduced, are things set to return to normal, or will air freight continue to grow its share of the pharmaceutical supply chain? Kim Thomas learns more from Erik Agterhuis, ATP biotech supply chain expert; Manuel Zollondz, independent supply chain consultant; and Wim van der Schouw, senior logistics consultant.


57 The materiality of infrastructure in air cargo Turkish Cargo


58 Small size, big impact DoKaSch


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