LOCATION


To call attention to the location of the wreckage, activate a radio beacon (the aircraft will have one, along with the life raft). Attract the attention of potential rescuers using visual signals. Mirrors, flares, sea dye-markers or other reflective objects. Consider creating markers using rocks or wood on the ground around the wreckage. A constantly burning signal fire will also attract attention.


It is important that the rescuers can locate the ditching/ crash site. Make it obvious that you are there.


• The aircraft itself is a valuable aid to location, If possible take shelter near the aircraft


• Keep a signal fire going at all times • Activate an Emergency Locater Transmitter (ELT)


WATER


Liquids should be given in small quantities and frequently. If fresh water is not readily available, rationing will need to be implemented. Only issue water in the first 24 hours to replace fluid loss. Lack of nourishment poses a threat of secondary importance to the dangers of cold exposure. A common misconception is that people cannot survive without food. In the short term, water and shelter are more important than food. The human body can survive for as much as 3 weeks without food, but without water incapacitation can occur in a matter of a few days.


Conserving Body Fluid


Anything which reduces body fluid will lower the chance of survival. The rule is to conserve body fluid any way possible:


• urination - reduce fluid intake just enough to keep properly hydrated


• vomiting - motion sickness can cause vomiting. Prophylactically take sea sick pills


• breathing - rest whenever possible and avoid unnecessary exercise


• perspiration - shelter from the sun - ensure adequate ventilation in hot climates


• swimming - avoid swimming, this wastes valuable energy and increases thirst


• bleeding - control bleeding, carry out first aid procedures by covering wounds.


FOOD


Any food items should be given in small quantities and frequently. Ration if necessary. Human requirements for survival vary according to locality. For instance, in the arctic, food supply may be more important for survival than in a tropical location where dehydration is usually the principle cause of exhaustion and death.


An important requirement is to provide the body with as much fuel as possible prior to a flight. This ensures the body will have sufficient energy available and adequate energy to meet the needs of a survival situation.


Plan for a good meal prior to reporting for your flight. Carbohydrate Foods


Relatively small amounts of carbohydrate type food are extremely valuable an as aid to retaining fluids in the body.


Protein Foods


Protein foods such as meat, fish, etc. utilize a relatively large amount of water in the digestive process.


If forced into a survival situation do not eat in first 24 hours, unless injured or ill. Ration supplies.


THE WILL TO SURVIVE History is full of accounts of humans surviving extreme conditions for extended periods of time, while others succumb rather quickly. Although preparation is extremely important in successfully surviving adverse conditions, ones will to survive cannot be overlooked.


The following points are kept in mind, survival chances are increased:


• Have and maintain a positive mental attitude • Keep Occupied – mentally and physically • Push negative thoughts out of your mind • Conserve energy • Make effective use of supplies and equipment


• Prevent hostility between people (common in confined areas e.g. life raft.)


• Separate people showing signs of hostility or aggression


• Carry out first aid treatment – loss of blood and infection can kill if not promptly handled


Survival, Search and Rescue 6


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21