By analysing pictures and videos showing the aftermath of attacks by the RSF, for example, we identified Chinese GB50A guided bombs and 155mm AH-4 howitzers. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), which supports the RSF and supplies them with weapons, has a reputation as a hub for arms diversions to conflict zones and is the conduit for many weapons that arrive in Sudan. ‘These atrocities were facilitated by the United Arab Emirates’ support for the RSF,’ said Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s secretary general, responding to the recent events in El Fasher. ‘The UAE’s ongoing backing of the RSF is fuelling the relentless cycle of violence against civilians in Sudan.’
The UK must take its responsibility. Recently, it was reported in the UK media that British military equipment had been discovered on Sudan’s battlefields.
‘The UK kept approving arms sales to the UAE, even when the risks were staring it in the face,’ says Oliver Feeley-Sprague, Amnesty International UK’s military, security and policing director. ‘This raises serious questions about the UK’s potential complicity in mass atrocities.’ Amnesty International is calling on all states, including the UAE, to end military assistance
to the RSF and other groups in the conflict. We’re urging the UN Security Council to enforce
the arms embargo in Darfur and
extend it to all of Sudan. We’re also calling on Sudan’s international and regional partners to ensure that any peace process guarantees justice, truth and reparations for all the violations committed during this conflict. The civilians of Sudan deserve better from the international community.
*Names in this article have been changed to protect people’s identities
WAR CRIMES IN ZAMZAM?
While militias laid siege to El Fasher for 18 months, they also attacked nearby villages and camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs). One of them was Zamzam, the largest camp in North Darfur. Amnesty’s latest report on the tragedy in Sudan, published in December 2025, documents how the RSF deliberately killed civilians, took hostages, and destroyed mosques, schools and clinics during an attack on Zamzam.
These are violations of international law and should be investigated as war crimes. The attack led to around 400,000 civilians fleeing the camp in just two days. Survivors of the assault described shells
landing in homes and, in one case, near a mosque during a wedding ceremony. Satellite imagery captured on 16 April last year and analysed by Amnesty showed new craters in the camp – further evidence of the widespread use of explosives in populated areas.
‘The RSF’s horrific and deliberate assault on desperate, hungry civilians in Zamzam camp laid bare once again its alarming disregard for human life,’ said Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s secretary general. ‘This was not an isolated attack, but part of a sustained campaign against villages and camps for internally displaced persons.’
SPRING 2026 AMNESTY 19
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