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Percentage of area protected


Policies, goals and objectives


Figure 3.2.1: Trends in proportion of area protected, Canada, 1990-2014


10 12


0 2 4 6 8


Years Terrestrial Marine


The upper line of the chart shows the percentage of terrestrial area that has been recognized as protected in Canada between 1990 and 2014. The lower line of the graph shows the percentage of marine area protected between 1990 and 2014 Source: EC 2015


Act; 307 had recovery strategies or management plans in place (Canada 2016). There has also been a noticeable rise in protected areas across North America in recent decades. In 2014–2015, as part of its National Conservation Plan, the federal government renewed the Natural Areas Conservation Programme for another five years, investing an additional USD 100 million. However, marine protected areas remain very far below the national target of 10 per cent, and not all terrestrial biomes are protected at the international target of 12 per cent (EPI 2016).


Canada has established a set of biodiversity goals and targets for 2020 that focus on Canada’s biodiversity priorities for the coming years. These goals and targets complement


the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy and the Biodiversity Outcomes Framework. The objective is to guide further action on the conservation and sustainable use of living resources in Canada and provide a base for measuring and reporting the progress. Canada’s goals and targets are in line with the global Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 adopted by Canada and other Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2010. The Canadian Biodiversity Strategy reiterates that governments in Canada must create the policy and research conditions for leading the conservation of biodiversity (Biodivcanada 2016).


In the US, Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON), a unique, web-based Federal system developed by USGS is supporting policy-making activities by making it easier to find the location of US species. This tool offers more than 100 million mapped records of nearly every living species across the nation and promotes data-driven science for decision-making that supports a rapid response to emerging natural resource issues. BISON acts as the US node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and forms an important part of EcoINFORMA, the information delivery strategy in “Sustaining Environmental Capital: Protecting Society and the Economy.” Hundreds of thousands of citizens and professional scientists have contributed to the data collection in BISON. In fact, NGOs, universities, and state and local governments have also participated in this undertaking (USGS 2016).


Canada and the United States cooperate on the


management of invasive alien species and migratory species (Temby and Stoett 2015). Canada, the US, and Mexico are cooperating on the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, aimed at wetland conservation. On both sides of the border, governmental collaboration with NGOs such as the Nature Conservancy and Ducks Unlimited has enhanced wetland conservation efforts. Beyond their decades-old collaboration on sea lamprey eradication, the two countries are co-ordinating ballast water policy, regulations, research and enforcement actions through annual meetings of the authorities responsible for vessel discharges under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The US-Canada Regulatory


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1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014


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