Mohs scale of hardness is a relative scale of hardness established by the austrian mineralogist Friedrich Mohs. he based the scale on ten minerals that are all readily available. As the hardest known naturally occurring substance, diamond is at the top of the scale. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, and/or the softest material that can scratch the given material.
agate amber
amethyst
aquamarine carnelian citrine
Diamond emerald Fire opal Fluorite Garnet
Garnet, Rhodolite
6-7 2.5 7
7.5 6-7 7
10 7.5
5.5-6 4
hematite Jade
labradorite lapis
Malachite Moissanite Moonstone onyx opal
cultured pearl
6.5-7.5 Mother of pearl 7.5
peridot 5-6
6.5-7 6-6.5 5-6 4
9.25
6-6.5 6-7 6
2.5-3.5 2.5-3.5 6.5
lemon quartz Rose quartz
smokey quartz Rhodochrosite Ruby
sapphire spinel
tiger’s eye topaz
tourmaline turquoise
cubic zirconia 7
7 7 4 9 9 8 7 8
7-7.5 5.5-6 8.25
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SIZES SHOWN ARE APPROXIMATE ONLY AND ARE SUBJECT TO SLIGHT VARIATIONS
