EC study highlights serious issues with platforms such as Airbnb. Ian Taylor reports


Consumers face regular problems on P2P platforms


A European Commission study of peer-to-peer platforms has highlighted serious consumer issues and singled out Airbnb and Uber for criticism.


The Exploratory Study of Peer-


to-Peer (P2P) Platform Markets found consumers “report frequent problems with transactions”, with more than half (55%) of active users having experienced at least one problem in the past year. It found issues with the quality of


products or services “to be almost twice as frequent” as with online purchases in general, and problems on accommodation platforms such as Airbnb “less likely to be resolved” than on other platforms. The Commission reported that


on platforms such as Airbnb and Uber: “Consumers are likely to be confused or misled about who is responsible when something goes wrong” because the companies “give the impression they take at least partial responsibility in case of problems, but their terms and


“Companies give the impression that they take at least partial responsibility”


conditions exclude any liability.” It found Airbnb and Uber


operate a “platform-governed peer- transaction” model characterised by “setting one or more of the contractual terms of the transaction and exercising control over its performance”. Yet the lack of clarity “about whether peer providers act as a private person or as a business creates confusion about whether consumer rights apply”. The study points out: “Consumer rights apply to the service the platform offers, but civil law rules apply to rentals. These are not tailored to peer- to-peer transactions and do not facilitate easy access to redress.” The EC expressed concern


about the use of the platforms by


AIRBNB: Lack of clarity as to whether consumer rights apply


commercial providers and “a lack of transparency” by platforms that “do not require providers give any information” as to whether they are commercial businesses. It also called for more


transparency on pricing: “Search results on many platforms do not give the total price; platform fees ranging from 10%-25% are often added only at the booking stage.” The study found 66% of consumers do not know or are unsure about their rights. When problems arose “almost half (46%) did not take any action, mostly because they felt it was not worth their time or effort”. Half (49%) of users said they felt


“safer and more protected” dealing with conventional businesses. The EC surveyed consumers in


10 countries, including the UK, and screened 485 platforms.


Unmonitored reviews ‘may be biased’


The user review and rating systems on peer-to-peer platforms such as Airbnb and the identity verification systems they use “are neither reliable nor transparent”. The EC’s Exploratory Study of Peer-to-Peer (P2P)


Platform Markets, published this month, found reviews and ratings are not monitored, are produced by a minority of users and “may be biased”. It reported: “A minority [40%] of consumers [who use the platforms] use reviews and an even smaller minority provide them. This is true even of those have a bad experience – just one in five of those who take action following a problem leave a bad rating or review.”


It also found: “Most platforms don’t appear to


monitor whether review ratings are generated by genuine users… There are indications rating and review systems may be biased.” Those who use reviews are more likely to consult them before a transaction, than to write a review afterwards. Reviews are likely to reflect the experience of “a smaller number of more-involved peers”. It found: “None [of the platforms] give information


to users about the representativeness and reliability of user reviews or ratings – although they hold data to establish the relevant percentages.”


REVIEWS: Likely to reflect the views of a small number of peers


20 July 2017 travelweekly.co.uk 71


PEER-TO-PEER PLATFORMS IN NUMBERS


l The EC estimates 191 million consumers across the EU engaged in at least one platform transaction involving a payment in the 12 months to May 2016.


l It estimates the annual turnover of the sector at €27.9 billion.


l€17.3 billion (62%) of this went to ‘peer’ providers, the EC calculates.


l€10.6 billion (38%) went to the platforms and third-party providers of payment services, insurance and ID checks.


l Accommodation platforms such as Airbnb and its third- party service providers take 35%-40% of payments.


l More than half the total revenue involves 10% of users and providers, suggesting either these are “very active” private consumers and providers or “commercial sellers”.


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