Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature.
Principle of conservation of energy
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it merely changes from one form to another.
¢Ep ¢Ep ¢Ek 0
the change in potential energy, the change in kinetic energy ¢Ek
Relationship between the period, the mass of the central body and the radius of the orbit
The square of the periodic time of a satellite’s orbit around a planet is proportional to the cube of the radius of the orbit (including the radius of the planet) and inversely proportional to the mass of the planet.
T2 4p2 R3 GM
T periodic time, R radius of orbit, G universal constant of gravitation,M mass of planet This law is also known as ‘Kepler’s Third Law’
Hooke’s law
When an object is stretched, bent or deformed the restoring force (F ) is proportional to the displacement (s) from its equilibrium position.
F ks F restoring force, k elastic constant, s displacement from equilibrium position
Waves, Light and Sound
Doppler Effect The Doppler Effect is the apparent change in frequency of waves due to the relative motion between a wave source and observer.
f ¿ fc c u
between source and observer f ¿
apparent frequency, factual frequency, cspeed of the wave, urelative speed
