Lube-Tech PUBLISHED BY LUBE: THE EUROPEAN LUBRICANTS INDUSTRY MAGAZINE
No.105 page 1
Fuel economy and lubricants in powertrain systems
Jisheng E,
Jisheng.E@gkndriveline.com GKN Driveline Technology Centre, Hauptstrasse 130, 53797 Lohmar, Germany
Abstract: Tightening legislation on CO2
emission highlights the need for
actions from OEMs, Tier suppliers, and lubricant manufacturers to find ways to further improve fuel economy in commercial vehicles. This article examines challenges of fuel economy on development of lubricants used in powertrain systems based on understanding powertrain systems and their tribology systems. Development work indicates that an improved performance, in terms of service life and efficiency of powertrain systems to contribute fuel economy, could be achieved by a careful selection of additives to generate a synergistic effect between additives, additives with metal contact surfaces and additives with sealing materials. Based on the work in GKN Driveline, it is indicated that an improvement of fuel economy could be contributed from a team work between design of new generation of powertrain systems and development of new lubricants in the future.
Introduction:
vehicles becomes one of the most important components for the world’s future transport.
In Briefing Paper 2015 from ICCT (International Council on Clean Transportation), it is outlined that the transport sector consumes more than half of global oil production, and releases nearly a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, (Ref.1). Motor vehicles and engines, especially those fueled with diesel, contribute to ambient air pollution responsible for millions of premature deaths worldwide each year. Consequently, fuel economy and CO2
The world’s first fuel economy standards were established in the United States and Japan in 1970s and 1980s. In 1990s, Europe established voluntary CO2
standards for passenger vehicles that also required vehicle manufacturers to improve 26 LUBE MAGAZINE NO.134 AUGUST 2016
new vehicles (Fig.1, Ref.3). Compared to the EU’s 2020 target of 95g/km, the USA (97g/km for 2025 passenger cars), Japan (122g/km by 2020), Canada (97g/km by 2025) and S. Korea (97g/km by 2020) have set similar targets.
vehicle, it is considered that fuel economy and CO2 standards are interchangeable, (Fig.1, Ref.2 and 3). The updated global fuel economy trends concluded that, while global average fuel economy was improving, more needs to be done to meet the ambitious, yet realistic, target. In the international context, the EU has historically been a front-runner with respect to vehicle emission targets. In recent years, however, most large economies have specified converging CO2
the fuel efficiency of new motor vehicles. Since the way to reduce CO2
emission targets for emission is to improve the fuel efficiency of the
standards for new
Figure 1. Comparison of global CO2
regulations for new passenger cars (Ref.3) Notes: Japan has already exceeded its 2020 statutory target, as of 2013.
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