Lube-Tech PUBLISHED BY LUBE No.135 page 5


and mandates for their use by national governments. As a result, demand for waste fats and oils for use in the transport sector is increasing. The challenge for other markets to be able to use waste fats and oils will be chiefly extracting appropriate value and securing a supply of feedstock. However, given the emphasis on economies becoming more circular and needing to de-carbonise the use of waste fats and oils as an exceedingly sustainable feedstock will be more attractive for a variety of applications going forward. [10]


References [1] Technavio.com, Global Lubricants Market 2019-2023, 11-16


[2] Gunstone, F.D. (2011). Non-food uses of vegetable oils. Lipid Technol. Vol.23, pp. 24, ISSN 1863-5377


[3] Awad, Adel and Salmna, Hana., “Olive Oil Waste Treatment”, Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Waste Treatments, 2004, 119-122


[4] Shoot Kian Yeong (2012), Palm Oil, Production, Processing, Characterisation and Uses, pp587-624


[5]


Prem Chandra (2020), Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review, Microbial Cell Factories 19


[6] Sotemann, S W (2005), “A steady state model for anaerobic digestion of sewage sludges”, Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town


[7] Woydt, M (2021), Base oils evolution, Fuels and Lubes magazine


[8] Shiyou Xing (2017), One-step hydroprocessing of fatty acids into renewable aromatic hydrocarbons over Ni/ HZSM-5: insights into the major reaction pathways, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Issue 4


[9] Karmakar Gobinda (2017), Chemically Modifying Vegetable Oils to Prepare Green Lubricants, Lubricants MDPI


[10] BiofuelsDigest, “Biofuel mandates around the world 2018,” BiofuelsDigest, 1 January 2018


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LUBE MAGAZINE NO.164 AUGUST 2021


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