Public Health
prevalence of underweight in India ranked 13th highest in the world for women and 26th highest in the world for men in 2022.
Regional/country data for children and adolescents l Countries with the highest prevalence of obesity in 2022 were Niue and Cook Islands for both girls and boys, where more than 30% of the child and adolescent population were living with obesity.
l In the UK, the obesity rate increased from 4.7% in 1990 to 10.1% in 2022 for girls and 4.3% to 12.4% in 2022 for boys. The prevalence of obesity in the UK ranked 72nd highest in the world for girls and 91st highest in the world for boys in 2022.
l In the US, the obesity rate increased from 11.6% in 1990 to 19.4% in 2022 for girls and 11.5% to 21.7% in 2022 for boys. The prevalence of obesity in the UK ranked 22nd highest in the world for girls and 26th highest in the world for boys in 2022.
l In China, the obesity rate increased from 0.6% in 1990 to 7.7% in 2022 for girls and 1.3% to 15.2% in 2022 for boys. The prevalence of obesity in China ranked 99th lowest (102nd highest) in the world for girls and 70th highest in the world for boys in 2022.
l In India, the obesity rate increased from 0.1% in 1990 to 3.1% in 2022 for girls and 0.1% to 3.9% in 2022 for boys. The prevalence of obesity in India ranked 27th lowest (174th highest) in the
world for both girls and boys in 2022.
l Countries with the highest prevalence of underweight in 2022 were India and Sri Lanka for girls and Niger and India for boys.
l In China, the underweight rate decreased from 5.8% in 1990 to 3.3% in 2022 for girls and 6.8% to 4.0% in 2022 for boys. The prevalence of underweight in China ranked 93rd highest in the world for girls and 89th lowest (112th highest) in the world for boys in 2022.
l In India, the underweight rate decreased from 27.3% in 1990 to 20.3% in 2022 for girls and 45.1% to 21.7% in 2022 for boys. The prevalence of underweight in India ranked highest in the world for girls and 2nd highest in the world for boys in 2022.
The authors acknowledge some limitations to their study. While BMI is an imperfect measure of the extent and distribution of body fat, it is widely recorded in population-based surveys, making analyses such as these possible. Some countries had little data and three had no studies, meaning their estimates are more uncertain. There were also differences in data availability by age group, with fewer data available for those aged five to nine years, and people aged over 65 years, increasing the uncertainty of estimates for these age groups. Responding to the study, Professor Simon
Kenny, NHS England’s National Clinical Director for Children and Young People, said: “These figures will be as alarming to parents as they
are to the NHS – obesity affects every human organ system, and so at a young age can have a major impact on a child’s life, increasing their risk of type 2 diabetes, cancer, mental health issues and many other illnesses, which can lead to shorter and unhappier lives. The NHS is committed to helping as many young people and families affected by extreme weight issues as possible through our new network of 30 specialist clinics, which offer tailored packages of physical, psychological and social support – but the NHS cannot solve this issue alone, and continued joined-up action by industry and wider society is needed if we are to avoid a ticking health timebomb for the future.” CSJ
References 1.
https://www.who.int/tools/growth- reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/ bmi-for-age
About the study
The study was funded by UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation, and the European Commission. It was conducted by researchers from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), a worldwide network of over 1,500 researchers and practitioners that provides rigorous and timely information on NCD risk factors for all countries. NCD-RisC is coordinated by the WHO Collaborating Centre on NCD Surveillance, Epidemiology and Modelling at Imperial College London, and collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) on the work.
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