INTERIOR SURFACING


‘pros and cons’ of different materials based on criteria such as hygiene, durability, sustainability, and cost. While offering advantages such as transparency and a comprehensive approach to decision- making, this method’s drawbacks include requiring a significant amount of data and information and assuming criterion independence. Nevertheless, MCDM remains a powerful tool. The implementation of CBA in surfacing


material selection for hospitals can provide a structured and transparent decision- making method for architectural designers. By following the five phases of the CBA Tabular Method, stakeholders can identify the most suitable alternatives that meet their specific needs. The CBA system can help to ensure that the materials chosen for hospital surfaces meet the necessary hygiene, durability, and safety requirements. Designers can leverage various resources, such as academic literature, case studies, and professional networks, to enhance their decision- making methods and create more efficient and effective designs that meet the needs of their clients and stakeholders. Ultimately, a systematic approach to decision-making can minimise inefficiencies and conflicts in the design process.


References 1 World Health Organization. Report on the burden of endemic health care-associated infection worldwide. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011 [cited 2023 Apr 13]. 40 p. https://apps.who.int/ iris/handle/10665/80135


2 Otter JA, Yezli S, Salkeld JAG, French GL. Evidence that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of hospital pathogens and an overview of strategies to address contaminated surfaces in hospital settings. Am J Infect Control 2013; May: 41(5): S6–11.


3 Control and Prevent the Spread of Germs [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022 [cited April 2013]. https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/ index.html


4 Singh VK, Paul L. Planning and Designing Healthcare Facilities: A Lean, Innovative, and Evidence-Based Approach [Internet]. 1st ed. Singh VK, Lillrank P, editors. Productivity Press; 2017 [cited 2023 Apr 10]. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/ books/9781315393490


5 Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention. J Hosp Infec 2009: Dec; 73(4): 305–15.


6 Background C. Air. Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health- Care Facilities (2003) Environmental Guidelines | Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Apr 10]. http://tinyurl.com/3fp2dtyt


7 Elf M, Fröst P, Lindahl G, Wijk H. Shared decision making in designing new


62 Health Estate Journal March 2024 ‘‘


Some challenges exist with the use of EBD in the design process – such as the availability and quality of research studies in the field


healthcare environments – time to begin improving quality. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; Mar 21; 15(1):114.


8 Udomiaye E, Eze Desy O, Kalu Cheche K. Architectural design strategies for infection prevention and control (IPC) in health-care facilities: towards curbing the spread of Covid-19 – PMC [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 13]. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; Dec 18(2): 1699–1707. Published online 2020 Oct 30. doi: 10.1007/s40201-020-00580-y. http://tinyurl.com/2uj59vde


9 Page K, Wilson M, Parkin IP. Antimicrobial surfaces and their potential in reducing the role of the inanimate environment in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections. J Mater Chem 2009; 19(23):3819.


10 Dancer SJ. Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; Oct; 27(4):665–90.


11 Suhr J. The Choosing by Advantages Decisionmaking System. Greenwood Publishing Group; 1999. 312 pp.


12 WELL – International WELL Building Institute [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 11]. https://www.wellcertified.com/home


13 Tsibouklis J, Stone M, Thorpe AA, Graham P, Peters V, Heerlien R et al. Preventing bacterial adhesion onto surfaces: the low-surface-energy approach. Biomaterials 1999 Jul; 20(13):1229-1235.


14 Almaguer-Flores A, Silva-Bermudez P, Galicia R, Rodil SE. Bacterial adhesion on amorphous and crystalline metal oxide coatings. Mater Sci Eng C 2015; Dec: 57:88–99.


15 Arroyo P, Tommelein ID, Ballard G. Selecting Globally Sustainable Materials: A Case Study Using Choosing by Advantages. J Constr Eng Manag 2016 Feb; 142(2):05015015.


16 Barnett C. LibGuides: NHS Property and Estates Guidance: About HBNs and HTMs [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 13]. http://tinyurl.com/339hb5kh


17 Taherdoost H, Madanchian M. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods and Concepts. Encyclopedia 2023; Mar; 3(1):77–87.


18 Quist C. EBD OVERVIEW. 2016. 19 Ulrich RS, Zimring C, Zhu X, DuBose J, Seo HB, Choi YS et al. A Review of the


Mohanad Abobakr


Mohanad Abobakr, a healthcare architect and specialist in healthcare façade design, is a researcher and lecturer at the University of Huddersfield, and a PhD candidate. With 10 years’ experience in what he dubs ‘international healthcare mega projects’, he holds a Master’s degree in International Façade Design and Construction from Ostwestfalen- Lippe University in Germany. In 2017 he received a Building HEALTHY building(s) Award in Germany. His articles, ‘Stopping COVID-19 from sticking to the surface,’ and ‘The influences of material selection in interior façade design within healthcare facilities’, have recently been published in the magazines Climate Control Middle East and Windows and Façade respectively.


Research Literature on Evidence-Based Healthcare Design. HERD Health Environ Res Des J 2008 Apr; 1(3):61–125.


20 Belton V, Stewart TJ. Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis [Internet]. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2002 [cited 2023 Apr 13]. http://tinyurl.com/d6vpxfj9


21 Kabir G, Sadiq R, Tesfamariam S. A review of multi-criteria decision-making methods for infrastructure management. Struct Infrastruct Eng 2014: Sep 2; 10(9):1176–210.


22 Gillis K, Gatersleben B. A Review of Psychological Literature on the Health and Wellbeing Benefits of Biophilic Design. Buildings 2015; Aug 25; 5(3):948- 963.


23 Arroyo P. Exploring Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Design in Commercial Buildings [Internet]. UC Berkeley; 2014 [cited 2023 Apr 10]. https://escholarship.org/uc/ item/1xd0w4fq


24 Mossman A. Choosing By Advantages. In Design Managers Handbook (pp 197-200) Edition: 1, 2013 Chapter: Appendix C, Wiley Blackwell Editor: John Eynon.


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