trend will continue to rise in the future. “Offering solutions for sourcing protein feed from EU-based sources is a step in the right direction,” says Lava. “EU authorities should go further in that direction.” PAPs are made from Category 3 by-products from healthy an- imals that are fit for human consumption at the point of slaughter. To ensure safety, the sourcing, processing and transportation of PAPs is under veterinary control. In the 20 years since the ban was first implemented, researchers have developed a PCR test that ensures PAPs do not contain by-products they should not contain. “Because in Europe we have a species-to-species ban, so they also test on pigs and poultry,” says Van Vuure.
More research needed A lot has changed since PAPs were first banned 20 years ago. Processing techniques, for instance, have evolved and im- proved. Some research has been conducted on the nutri- tional benefits of porcine PAPs used in poultry feed. In a re- cently published white paper, Van Vuure outlines some of the results. Working in collaboration with EFPRA, Wageningen Livestock Research conducted a study in 2010 to evaluate the nutrition- al content and digestibility of PAPs, as well as the overall per- formance of laying hens that consumed the feed. The study evaluated four types of PAPs in feed: 40%, 50%, 58% and 60% protein in the diet. Layer performance differed between treatments. The most
favourable of the four was PAP-50%, and the least favourable was PAP-40%. Differences in performance seemed to be par- tially related to differences in feed intake and corresponding amino acid intake. While supplementation with PAPs did not generally reduce feather pecking behaviour, in the PAP-40% and PAP-50% di- ets, hens showed a delay in the development of feather dam- age. At the same time, in comparison to those flocks under the higher PAPs diet, those under the PAP-40% and PAP-50% diets showed improved litter condition, foraging and walking behaviour, and floor pecks.
Digestibility and overall performance A 2018 study assessed digestibility and overall performance when two types of porcine PAPs were incorporated into the diet of broilers, replacing soybean meal. Researchers evaluated in- testinal health, litter quality, footpad lesions and bone quality. Results of the study show that both types of PAPs tested can be used as suitable replacements of soybean meal in broiler diets without impacting performance results, including litter quali- ty, footpad lesions, gait, bone quality and intestinal health. The performance study was followed by a study on digestibili- ty. More complete results can be found on the EFPRA website. Realistically, though, two studies are not enough to draw de- finitive conclusions. “As a nutritionist and a scientist, I think we should do more research,” says Van Vuure. “To really make a claim, we have to do more.” It is expected that the ban will be lifted in October of this year.
▶ PIG PROGRESS | Volume 37, No. 7, 2021 35
More on the menu! In the EU, processed ani- mal protein from pigs can be used in poultry feed, and from poultry in pig feed.
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