FOTO: FOTO: KOOS GROENEWOLD
Table 1 – Nutrient digestibility of three protein rich ingredients fed to caecectomized adult cockerels.
Digestible Amino Acids % TOTAL (dTAA)
ESSENTIAL (dEAA) NON-ESSENTIAL (dNEAA)
EHPF2 97.0 98.1 96.4
FM PBPM 72.1 78.7 68.8
88.3 89.7 87.6
FM (83.5%) and PBPM (89.7%).The same hierarchy is estab- lished with the ileal digestibility Boisen values. But the more accurate results are obtained with amino acids digestibility, which highlights the fact that Boisen digestibility overesti- mates FM digestibility. Indeed, the total digestibility of AA (dTAA) of EHPF was very high (97.0%) compared to the dTAA of FM (72.1%) and PBPM (88.3%), as shown in Table 1. This trend was also true for the digestibility of both essential (dEAA) and non-essential (dNEAA) amino acids, where EHPF generally had the highest digestibility among the three sources, followed by PBPM, while FM had the lowest. The dEAA of EHPF was 98.1%, while FM reached 78.7% and PBPM 89.7%. The digestibility of protein and amino acids are close or in agreement with the findings from previous experiments that fed crystalline amino acids, FM and PBPM. there was no direct comparison with EHPF , but regarding its composition, it may be comparable to a diet whose protein is mostly made up of free amino acids. Looking further at the digestibility of the specific amino acids measured in this study, all had at least 90.5% digestibility (digestible Cystine value) in EHPF, compared to the 51.1% digestibility of Asp (dAsp) as the least digestible amino acid in FM. For PBPM, the lowest digestibili- ty was observed with dAsp at 76.6%. Digestibility values sug- gest that the AA digestibility of PBPM is higher than FM, which is in agreement with published studies but is still lower
than the digestibility of EHPF. Lanthionine concentrations were lower for EHPF (0.36%) compared with FM (2.32%).
Conclusion We can conclude that the in vivo digestibility of amino acids of EHPF (Protamine) is much higher than the traditionally used FM (+ 24.9 points) and PBPM (+ 8.7) and consequently, non-digestible amino acids are 3% lower than FM (27.9%) and PBPM (11.7%). This is important to emphasise because indigestible amino acids can often cause digestive disorders. The use of lanthionine concentrations in the products is con- firmed to be a good predictor of digestibility and the quality of processing applied to the feathers. The use of EHPF in ani- mal diets should be considered for further studies in view of the fact that the product is highly digestible by adult cocker- els, an animal model currently used for raw materials digesti- bility measurement. Protamine has higher digestibility than other poultry by-products used in this experiment and, due to its nature, it may be used as a high-quality protein and a source of amino acids. It would be interesting to use it at spe- cific stages of life, where a high level of bioavailability of pro- teins is required (i.e. first day of life, weaning). Other applica- tions as a specialty protein source for all breeding or pet animals, dedicated to hoof or foot pad reinforcement (related to its AA profile close to keratin) can be considered.
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