FEED ADDITIVES ▶▶▶
Reducing poultry feed costs with enzyme supplements
Enzyme supplementation typically costs around US$ 2.0 per tonne of feed. However enzyme supplementation can reduce the feed costs of broilers by up to US$ 4.0 -11.0 per tonne, for layers up to US$ 9.8 per tonne, and the feed cost per 1000 kg of eggs produced can be reduced by US$ 21.2 per tonne.
S
Enzyme supple- mentation can lead to im- proved profita- bility of egg production.
BY DR SALAH HAMED ESMAIL, INDEPENDENT FREELANCE WRITER
everal types of enzymes are commonly used in poul- try feeding programmes, either individually or in combination. Each enzyme has a specific role in feed digestion:
• Amylase: This enzyme is produced in small amounts in the body and should therefore be provided from external sources to enhance starch digestion. When this enzyme is used in the diet, there will be an around 3-5% increase in the feed energy available to the bird. It is more effective when combined with xylanase.
• Protease: This enzyme is also produced in an insufficient amount in the body and should be provided from external sources. It acts on protein anti-nutrients found in some feed ingredients such as soybean, thus making the dietary protein more available.
• Cellulase: Cellulase cannot be synthesized in the body and should also be provided from external sources. It breaks down the cellulose molecule into simple sugars such as beta- glucose or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides.
• Phytase: A proven technology used to release some of the non-digestible phosphorus and reduce the excretion of this element, thus reducing the cost of inorganic phosphorus supplementation.
Enzymes and feed economy – broilers In a study on the effect of the use of enzymes on feed costs, a blend of amylase, protease, and phytase was used in corn- based broiler feeds at 1 g/kg. The results show that these en- zymes reduced the amounts of nutrients required in the diet, while maintaining live-weight gain and feed conversion at the same level as birds fed a standard diet (145 Kcal/kg re- duction in ME, 4% reduction in amino acids, 0.10% reduction in total phosphorus, and 0.12% reduction in calcium), with a resulting feed cost saving of around US$ 11.00 per tonne. The addition of exogenous enzymes also appears to reduce feed costs by replacing expensive feed materials with cheaper ones. For example, it was found that adding phytase enzyme to rapeseed meal – a cheap protein source – was just as nutri- tious for broiler chicks as the widely-used soybean meal (rapeseed meal is about US$ 130 a tonne cheaper than soy- bean according to a 2014 estimate). In addition, phytase re- leases phosphorus from the phytate molecule in the GI tract and makes it bioavailable to the birds, thus reducing the cost of inorganic phosphorus supplementation that is needed for the development and maintenance of their skeletal system. It also minimizes the amount of phytate-bound phosphorus that is excreted and hence prevents negative impacts on the environment. While common phytase is derived from various species of fungi, new generation products are derived from
18 ▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 28, No. 2, 2020
PHOTO: TON KASTERMANS
PHOTO: MARK PASVEER
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28
