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Vaasa MAP EUROPE 2018 / 2019 K € 42,76


Urbanization (Eurostat) low


(2015) high


Distribution Hubs (Colliers, 2012-2017) Existing Distribution Hub


Emerging Distribution Hub 2020 Potential Distribution Hub 2020


Galway


Railway Priority Axis Motorways of the Sea


Important Inland Waterways LOGO


Own Main Factory Europe Top 100 Brands of the World (Interbrand)


Cardiff 1


Global ranking of European countries in Logistics Performance Indicator (The World Bank)


Top 5 Container Seaports in Europe 2017 (in 1000 TEU) & Growth 2016-2017 (PortEconomics) 1. Rotterdam 13,735 (+10.9%) 2. Antwerp 10,451 (+4.1%) 3. Hamburg 8,820 (-1.0%) 4. Bremerhaven 5,537 (+0.9%) 5. Algeciras 4,832 (+2.1%)


Pontivy


Other important Container Seaports TOP 5 Fastest growing Container Seaports in Europe between 2007-2017 (PortEconomics)


7TH EDITION OF THE EUROPEAN SUPPLY CHAIN MAP


Brexit, China and USA IMPACT ON SUPPLY CHAINS IN EU


Uncertainty and lack of clarity on Brexit are dictating the mood for companies in Europe, despite solid economic growth. Trade con- flicts, especially between the USA and China, are also impacting on European and international supply chains, although China is seek- ing closer collaboration with Europe through investments in the New Silk Road project. This seventh edition of the annual SCM Map Europe appears similar to the previous one, but it could potentially change dramatically over the coming year.


By Martijn Lofvers


The economic signs are positive for most countries in Europe. There is healthy growth of the gross domestic product (GDP) in most EU countries, all except for the UK – because of the impend- ing Brexit – and Italy, where the left-wing government wants to further increase the national debt. An annual growth rate of 3% or more is expected to be sustained in various countries in Cen- tral and Eastern Europe, such as Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Ser- bia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine and Turkey, as well as in Ireland and Luxembourg. This economic growth is clearly reflected in the European ports’ and airports’ freight statistics: in 2017 the con- tainer activities in Rotterdam and Antwerp increased by 11% and 4% respectively, and the airports in Western Europe saw substan- tial growth in air cargo, especially in London with more than 10% growth in air freight.


Brexit and the logistics index


The World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index lists most Eastern European countries relatively low down the table, and these coun- tries still have some work to do in terms of logistics infrastructure. Just as in 2016, Germany is ranked top, followed by Sweden and Belgium. Surprisingly, Luxembourg has dropped from second


Alibaba, founded by Jack Ma, is exploring sites in the Netherlands and Belgium as the potential base for a large logis- tics hub.


GDP > 3%


GDP > 3%


20%


Top 5 Cargo Airports in Europe in 2017 (in 1000 tons) & growth 2016-2017 (Airports Council International) 1. Frankfurt


1. Paris Charles De Gaulle


2,066 (+4.0%) 1,967 (+2.7%)


3. Schiphol Amsterdam 1,752 (+5.4%) 4. London Heathrow 1,697 (+10.2%) 5. Leipzig/Halle


1,047 (+7.7%) Other important Cargo Airports Leixoes Porto Car Industry


Chemical Industry High Tech Industry Aerospace Industry


21% Tramagal MADRID Zaragoza €42 Lisboa Palmela


Countries with GDP growth 2013-2017 > 3% (The World Bank)


Sines 23


Countries with GDP forecast growth in 2020 > 3% (The World Bank)


Corporate Taxes Rates (Deloitte)


Prime Rents Warehouses over 5,000 M2 Rents in €/m2


>100 70-99 50-69 40-49 < 40 /year (BNP Paribas Q2 2018) 4 Algeciras


Mediterranean Sea o


Gioa Tauro € 41,60 Manufacturing labour cost per hour in 2017 (Destatis) Supply Chain Risks (Aon 2018) Terrorism & Sabotage Political Violance Strike & Riots Supply Chain Disruption 69 35% © 2018 Map sponsor


GDP > 3%


1 Malta


Marsaxlokk Valetta


€ 13,30 p 4 Sea Ports (North Sea) (* = 2013)


Annual TEU million 2017 (Unctad)


15.5 Asia - Europe Europe - Asia


7.6 (2014: 6.8) - 2.2% (2014: 15.2) 12,5% Cyprus € 13,00 42 €48 Athens Piraeus Antalya Izmir Konya Mersin Adana 2 Valencia Sevilla €51 Naples


GDP %


5 ® Tirana


> 3 Albania 15%


88


Greece 29%


€ 5,00 (2015) € 14,70 47 22%


GDP > 3%


Turkey Villaverde €74 17 Barcelona €55 Rome € 27,40 19 €78 Italy 24% € 11,60 Portugal Paços de Ferreira Bilbao Valladolid Spain 25% € 23,00 Marseille La Spezia € 8,00 La Coruna Avilés Bordeaux Gijón Bayonne €47 Toulouse Cuneo €46 €47 Lyon Bergamo MILANO €54 Torino 3 Genoa Florence Bologna 49 Trieste Rijeka 18% Croatia 72 65 Banja Luka Belgrade


Herzegovina 10


Bosnia % GDP


> 3% Kalisz 9%


Montenegro 77


10% Kosovo


GDP > 3%


10%


Macedonia 81


ISTANBUL Gebze


Bursa Kocaeli Ankara 15% Kragujevac Pirot


GDP > 3%


Bulgaria 10% € 4,20 €54 Serbia 52 Black Sea Timisoara


GDP > 3%


€48


Slovenia 19%


Koper


€ 11,40 35


Rennes Nantes €43 Fleury-les-Aubrais La Roche-sur-yon France 33% € 38,10 Hordain Basel Zürich Biel €163


€192 Switzerland 12 - 24% € 55,72


13 Romont (2015)


GDP %


€ 36,10 Austria 25% Sava Stuttgart Munich €82 16 €83 Swindon Southampton Limerick € 31,70 29


GDP > 3%


Cork €83 Birmingham Bristol 12,5% €100 Dublin Ireland Wexford Liverpool €71


United Kingdom


9 19% 4 €172 Zeebrugge 5 €46 Sandouville Le Havre Ducey €45 Beauvais €56 PARIS 2 Felixstowe LONDON €63 SCHIPHOL 1 Rotterdam


Antwerp 2 Gent


€55 Lille Brussels


Eindhoven 3


Belgium Liege


Valenciennes 29%


GDP > 3%


Charleville Luxembourg 24


18% € 43,90 € 31,70 €65 Düsseldorf Eisenach


Cologne Bonn


1 FRANKFURT €76 €60 € 40,20 €53


Germany 30-33%


Gunzenhausen Nürnberg


5 LEIPZIG Žatec Kladno


GDP > 3%


22 €54 Prague Pardubice


Czech Republic 19% Drásov


€ 11,00 Brno


53 Slovakia Trnava


DanubeVienna 4


Szekesfehervar Tatabanya


€50 Veszprém > 3 Hungary 9%


GDP Kecskemét > 3%


€ 8,90 Hunedoara € 5,50 Sebes Pitesti Ploiesti Bucharest Constantza €72


Bratislava €47 Sopron


Budapest Győr


31 Oradea


Romania 16%


GDP GDP > 3%


> 3% Sebastopol 21%


GDP > 7%


€ 10,20


GDP > 3%


Nyíregyháza


Moldova 116


48


GDP > 3%


12% Odessa Novorossiysk Krasnodar Prazska Tychy ® Silesia Lvov


GDP > 3%


Ukraine 18% 66 Rostov Mariupol Bochum Wolfsburg €71 Sheffield € 26,20 € 36,80 3 6


Netherlands Eemshaven 20-25%


- 4 3


Bremerhaven Hamburg €70


1


Stargard Szczeciński Stepnica


Berlin e Poznan Września €41


GDP > 3%


GDP > 3%


€43 Wroclaw


Katowice €41


Kiev Lodz €43 Charkov Orenburg €44 Bydgoszcz 28 Włocławek €64 Warsaw


Poland 15-19%


€ 8,20 North Sea €74 Manchester Billund d


Annual million TEU 2017 (Unctad) North America - Europe


(2014: 2.8) 2.9 4.5


Europe - North America (2014: 3.9)


€68 Glasgow Göteborg Newcastle Annual million TEU 2016 (Unctad) 22% Copenhagen Kalundborg


Denmark 8


€ 44,10 Gdansk Słupsk €77 Trelleborg Baltic Sea Kaliningrad 54 Klaipeda Kazlų Rūda Vilnius €54 Minsk 103 Belarus 18% Volgograd 2015: 51,8 Bryansk Ulyanovsk


(Ann IMPORT 102,9 ual thousand TEU 2016)


2015: 29,4 € 5,50 Lithuania 15%


GDP > 3%


Kaluga Domodedovo EXPORT 50,8 TEU Trans-Siberian Railway (Transcontainer PJSC) (Annual thousand TEU 2016) Riga Agunnaryd € 7,70 Latvia €50 20% Incukalns 70 Jaroslavl Esipovo €49 MOSCOW Edinburgh €69 Strängnäs 2 €82 36 Stockholm Norway 23% Joensuu


10


Finland 20%


21 Oslo €133 Sweden 22% € 42,00 Helsinki Talinn €58 20% Estonia € 11,20 Põlva


GDP >15%


75 Russia Davydovo 20% Nizhniy Novgorod St.Petersburg €120 €51 Kotka Tikhvin € 36,20


SCM_EUROPE_MAP_2018-19_spread.indd 1


place to 24th, and from fourth to sixth place in the global rank- ing. The UK is currently ranked ninth, but Brexit is highly likely to have a major impact on that position. In view of the Brexit-related uncertainty, the UK has reduced its corporation tax rate by one percentage point to 19% in an attempt to make itself attractive to foreign businesses. A few other EU countries are following suit, including Belgium, Luxembourg and Norway, and have lowered the corporate income tax rate. In densely populated Western Europe, companies are under more pressure than ever to deliver quickly to consumers and business customers alike. As a result, companies are adding more regional logistics hubs to their networks of large European distribution centres (DCs) in order to offer 24-hour delivery for online orders. When deciding where to base their DCs, companies take account of not only the tax rates but also local wage levels, productivity and the availability of warehouse operatives. Other considera- tions include the widely varying costs of renting warehouses and whether they are strategically located with respect to the sales mar- ket, plus the motorway access to the chosen site.


The New Silk Road


The above-mentioned considerations about suitable logistics locations are reflected in the European expansion of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba – Amazon’s biggest rival – which has announced plans to invest in an immense DC in Bulgaria. Founded by Jack Ma, Alibaba is also looking at building a logistics hub in either Belgium or the Netherlands. These sites are the lat- est links in a chain of new logistics facilities along the New Silk Road.


The Chinese government is investing heavily in railway lines along this route in what is known as the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’. This high-speed transport route between China and Europe seems to be catching on as a real alternative to ocean freight, which takes twice as long; the number of containers shipped via the Trans- Siberian railway doubled in 2016. The route still poses certain challenges, however, including differences in rail gauges and cus- toms handling issues. Freight flows in Europe will change considerably in the years ahead due to the further growth of e-commerce, Brexit and Chi- na’s ambitions. For now, the container routes between Germany, the Netherlands and the UK are still among the top ten routes for ocean freight.


DOWNLOAD THE SCM MAP OF EUROPE


The SCM Map of Europe 2018/2019 is available for download at www.supplychainmagazine/category/visuals


22-10-1843 10:06


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SUPPLY CHAIN MOVEMENT, No.31, Q4 2018

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