Endnotes


1 Stuart Banner, How the Indians Lost Their Land: Law and Power on the Frontier (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2007), 228-90.


2 Peter Iverson, Diné: A History of the Navajos (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002), 59; John L. Kessell, “General Sherman and the Navajo Treaty of 1868: A Basic and Expedient Misunderstanding,” Western Historical Quarterly 12, no. 3 (July 1981): 263.


3 Peter Iverson, The Navajos (New York: Chelsea House, 1990), 46.


4 Navajo Area Office, Indian Health Service website, www.ihs.gov/navajo/index.cfm?module=nao_na- vajo_nation; U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, www.bia.gov/FAQs/index.htm.


5 The names Diné and Navajo are used interchangeably throughout this essay, because both refer to who we are.


6 William A. Keleher, Turmoil in New Mexico, 1846–1868 (Santa Fe: Rydal Press, 1952), 277, cited in Crawford R. Buell, “The Navajo ‘Long Walk’: Recollec- tions by Navajos” in The Changing Ways of Southwest- ern Indians: A Historic Perspective, ed. Albert Schroeder (Glorieta, N.M.: Rio Grande Press, 1971), 183.


7 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Peters) 1, 17.


8 Joanne Barker, “For Whom Sovereignty Matters,” in Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and


Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determina- tion (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), 18.


9 David E. Wilkins, The Navajo Political Experience (Tsaile, Ariz.: Diné College Press, 1999), 20–23, 210, 211.


10 John L. Kessell, “General Sherman and the Navajo Treaty of 1868: A Basic and Expedient Misunderstand- ing,” Western Historical Quarterly 12, no. 3 (1981).


11 Wallace Coffey and Rebecca Tsosie, “Rethinking the Tribal Sovereignty Doctrine: Tribal Sovereignty and the Collective Future of Indian Nations,” Stanford Law and Policy Review 12, no. 2 (2001): 194.


12 Joanne Barker, Native Acts: Law, Recognition, and Cultural Authenticity (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2011). Barker argues that as Native Peoples we should appreciate the deplorable conditions under which our leaders agreed to treaty terms with the United States.


13 Scott Richard Lyons, X-Marks: Native Signatures of Assent (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010), 32, 33.


14 Wilkins, Navajo Political Experience, 22. 15 Ibid., 23-25. 16 Ibid., 16, 17.


17 Quoted in Jennifer Nez Denetdale, Reclaiming Diné History: The Legacies of Navajo Chief Manuelito and


Juanita (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2007), 82-84. 18 Ibid. 19 Wilkins, Navajo Political Experience.


20 Bethany R. Berger, “Williams v. Lee and the Debate Over Indian Equality,” Michigan Law Review 109 (June 2011): 1463–528.


21 Ibid.


22 Gregory Scott Smith, “A Concern for the Future,” El Palacio 108 (Winter 2003): 19. See also Jennifer Nez Denetdale, The Long Walk: The Forced Navajo Exile (New York: Chelsea House, 2007), 112–13.


23 Lloyd L. Lee, “Reclaiming Indigenous Intellectual, Political, and Geographical Space: A Path for Navajo Nationhood,” American Indian Quarterly 32, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 96-110.


24 Ibid., 107.


25 See the Navajo Nation Human Rights Commission’s website at www.nnhrc.navajo-nsn.gov. The commission is charged with several responsibilities, including the need to have a presence at the United Nations.


This article is excerpted from “Naal Tsoos Saní: The Navajo Treaty of 1868, Nation Building and Self- Determination,” pages 116-132, in Nation to Nation: Treaties Between the United States and American Indian Nations (NMAI and Smithsonian Books, 2014).


ID YLL WILD AR TS


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