3 Conclusion
We demonstrate the utilisation of a short length (10 mm) column, hyphenated with MS, to achieve rapid high-resolution high-throughput separations, for three applications with differing sample complexity. One isocratic elution method for a simple three-compound mixture and two different gradient elution methods for two other samples of higher complexity. The three applications highlight the potential to analyse between 464 to 1200 samples per 24-hour time frame using a 10 mm length LC column.
References
1. Ultra‐fast LC–MS/MS in therapeutic drug monitoring: Quantifi cation of clozapine and norclozapine in human plasma. Couchman et al., Drug Testing and Analysis 10 (2018) 323–329.
Figure 3: The gradient separation of 13 perfl uoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
method included a long 1-minute post-gradient isocratic step to re-equilibrate the column with the initial mobile phase conditions. The injection cycle time for this gradient separation was 0.5 min. Hence, the total analysis time for each sample was 3.1 min (injection to injection), representing a laboratory productivity rate of 464 samples analysed within 24 hours. Note, the injection cycle time can be used to the analyst’s advantage, to effectively minimise/eliminate the gradient’s fi nal re-equilibration step and further increase sample throughput.
The third application was focused on the gradient separation of 13 perfl uoroalkyl substances (PFAS) shown in Figure 3. A steep gradient was employed to benefi t from the gradient compression effect on the peak shape, resulting in very narrow peaks approximately 0.05 min in width. The short 10 mm column separation prior to MS detection provides a peak capacity advantage with respect to contaminant analysis versus a direct injection i.e. chromatographically separate target analytes and resolve from interfering matrix components. The total analysis time for the third application was 2.1 min, hence 685 samples can be analysed per 24-hour day targeting PFAS contaminants.
2. High-throughput multi-residue quantifi cation of contaminants of emerging concern in wastewaters enabled using direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ng et al., Journal of Hazardous Materials 398 (2020) 122933.
3. Direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a sensitive and high-throughput method for the quantitative surveillance of antimicrobials in wastewater. Li et al., Science of the Total Environment 900 (2023) 165825.
4. Evaluation of direct sample injection as a fast, no-sample handling, approach for the LC-MS/MS monitoring of pharmaceuticals in different water matrices. Simarro-Gimeno et al., Microchemical Journal 193 (2023) 108985.
5. Current state-of-the-art of separation methods used in LC-MS based metabolomics and lipidomics. Harrieder et al., Journal of Chromatography B 1188 (2022) 123069.
6. Optimization of gradient reversed phase chromatographic peak capacity for low molecular weight solutes. Soliven et al., Journal of Chromatography A 1273 (2013) 57–65.
7. The theory and practice of ultrafast liquid chromatography: A tutorial. Wahab et al., Analytica Chimica Acta 1151 (2021) 238170.
8. Comparison of core–shell particles and sub-2 m fully porous particles for use as ultrafast second dimension columns in two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Haidar Ahmad et al., Journal of Chromatography A (2015) 31–38.
9. The myth of data acquisition rate. Felinger et al., Analytica Chimica Acta 854 (2015), 178-182. Read, Share and Comment on this Article, visit:
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