32 Environmental Laboratory Reliable and accurate mercury, arsenic,


and selenium analysis in environmental and food samples P S Analytical (PSA) provides niche analytical instruments for the determination of mercury, arsenic, selenium, antimony and bismuth in many sample matrices including environmental and food & beverage samples.


The presence of these toxic metals in their various forms is of real concern. Increasingly the determination of both total and speciated chemical forms is required and this requirement generates further analytical challenges of sensitivity, selectivity and freedom for interferences.


In addition to analytical considerations, operation issues such as; ease of use, reliability and robustness as well as very affordable running costs are all important aspects and are recognised hallmarks of the PSA brand.


Coupling Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS) with either cold vapour generation or hydride generation has been PSA’s core competency for over 35 years. With the addition of analyte separation capability which allows for speciation studies, PSA offers some powerful tools to help with these endeavours.


For example; the separation of methyl mercury from inorganic mercury in water, shellfi sh, seaweed, dairy products, vegetables and grains; the determination of inorganic arsenic from less toxic organo arsenic species in water, rice, and seaweed are examples of routine applications developed for this growing area of concern. The PSA team is constantly developing new methods and applications to address market concerns and so if you have a sample you are interested to know more about with, we’d love to hear from you. With literally thousands of systems in the fi eld today, and support networks in Europe, USA and SE Asia, PSA offers the ideal package of performance, reliability and support. More information online: ilmt.co/PL/MM92


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Myron L® The 6PFCE


Company Ultrameter II 6PFCE


features a comprehensive suite of in-situ water quality analysis tools designed to replace more costly and less convenient laboratory equipment.


A true one-handed instrument, the 6PFCE delivers Conductivity, Resistivity, TDS, pH, ORP, Free


Chlorine Equivalent (FCE™), and Temperature readings quickly and easily with the press of a button. Unlike other similar meters, 6PFCE


Conductivity and TDS functions allow you to select the solution


type used to model the solution under test: KCl; NaCl; Myron L’s own 442 Natural Water™ Standard; or USER, programmable by you to model a known solution. The result is benchtop accuracy of ±1% of reading in a handheld instrument. Accuracy increases to ±.1% of reading at calibration point. Temperature compensation is automatic to 25°C or can be disabled by the user as required. Autoranging capabilities provide increased reading resolution across a broad range of applications.


pH readings are also temperature compensated, and you can choose to perform a 1-, 2-, or 3-point calibration depending on the range of samples measured to achieve ±.01pH accuracy. The pH sensor is of a proprietary construction and includes a large potassium chloride solution reservoir for long life. Myron L pH sensors are also user replaceable.


ORP readings utilize a 99.9% pure platinum electrode and a reference junction that is shared with the pH sensor. 6PFCE


ORP reading accuracy is ±1 millivolt. In addition, the 6PFCE features a groundbreaking new way to determine Free Available Chlorine


based on a predictive ORP value. Empirical readings of the chemical activity of a solution are made without the hassle and subjectivity of colorimetric and test-strip methods.


Calibration and maintenance are simple, so the 6PFCE can be serviced by the user. The 6PFCE is also IP67 dust-tight and


waterproof, NEMA 6 submersible, and buoyant. Plus, Myron L service and technical support are included for the life of the product. More information online: ilmt.co/PL/wz9N


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Scientists at the University of Birmingham in collaboration with scientists from the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Germany’s Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, have developed a new approach for detecting pollution from ‘forever chemicals’ in water through luminescence.


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Stuart Harrad, Professor of Environmental Chemistry at the University of Birmingham, who – with colleague Professor Zoe Pikramenou, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Photophysics - co-led the design of a new sensor, said: “Being able to identify ‘forever chemicals’ in drinking water, or in the environment from industrial spills is crucial for our own health and the health of our planet. Current methods for measurement of these contaminants are diffi cult, time-consuming, and expensive. There is a clear and pressing need for a simple, rapid, cost-effective method for measuring PFAS in water samples onsite to aid containment and remediation, especially at (ultra)trace concentrations. But until now, it had proved incredibly diffi cult to do that.”


The researchers have created a prototype model which detects perfl uorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The approach uses luminescent metal complexes attached to a sensor surface. If the device is dipped in contaminated water, it detects PFOA by changes in the luminescence signal given off by the metals.


TM


Conductivity, Resistivity TDS


ORP/Free Chlorine Equivalent (FCE TM pH, Temperature


)


Professor Pikramenou commented: “The sensor works by using a small gold chip grafted with iridium metal complexes. UV light is then used to excite the iridium which gives off red light. When the gold chip is immersed in a sample polluted with the ‘forever chemical’, a change of the signal in the luminescence lifetime of the metal is observed to allow the presence of the ‘forever chemical’ at different concentrations to be detected. So far, the sensor has been able to detect 220 micrograms of PFAS per litre of water which works for industrial wastewater, but for drinking water we would need the approach to be much more sensitive and be able to detect nanogram levels of PFAS.”


The team has collaborated with surface and sensor scientists BAM in Berlin for the assay development and dedicated analytics at the nanoscale. Dan Hodoroaba, head of BAM’s Surface and Thin Film Analysis Division, commented, “Advanced imaging surface analyses are essential for the development of dedicated chemical nanostructures on customised sensor chips to ensure optimal performance.”


Knut Rurack, who leads the Chemical and Optical Sensing Division at BAM, added: “Now that we have a prototype sensor chip, we intend to refi ne and integrate it to make it portable and more sensitive so it can be used on the site of spills and to determine the presence of these chemicals in drinking water.”


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Professor Pikramenou concluded: “PFAS are used in industrial settings due to their useful properties for example in stain-proofi ng fabrics. But if not disposed of safely these chemicals pose a real danger to aquatic life, our health, and the broader environment. This prototype is a big step forward in bringing an effective, quick, and accurate way to detect this pollution helping to protect our natural world, and potentially keep our drinking water clean.”


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A new approach to detecting PFAS in water


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