with the NOx


and reduces it to N2


, lowering NOx


to only 1ppm (European Commission 2013). Future Low NOx


emissions down Energy Source


At the forefront of power research, the Aachen University of Applied Sciences conducts pioneering studies with hydrogen as a viable alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power generation. The most recent study ‘CFD based exploration of the dry-low-NOx


hydrogen micromix combustion technology


at increased energy densities’ (A. Haj Ayed, K.Kusterer, H.H.-W. Funke, J.Keinz, D.Bohn, 2017) aims at analyzing the infl uence of different geometry parameter variations on the fl ame structure and the NOx


emissions in order to identify the most relevant


design parameters of the burner. The comprehensive goal is to push forward the maturation of this innovative combustion technology and make it applicable to real gas turbines. For the determination of NOx


Figure 2: Infl uence of temperature on NOx Laforsch, Holtmann,1999)


Ultra-Low NOx formation (Rents, Nunge,


burner design and testing of catalysts for SCR, ECO PHYSICS developed the neoCLD Series. The two-channel, chemiluminescence-based NOx detect NO, NO2


, NOx, NH3


detectors, which are the standard reference method for determination of nitrogen oxides in stationary source emissions according to the European Norm EN 14792, is the key factor. Based upon the experience with the widely applied CLD 700 ELht, CLD 822 Mh and CLD 822 CMhr, not only in the fi eld of continuous emissions monitoring but also in research on low NOx


analyzers of the nCLD 800 Series and NOx-Amines at concentrations


levels, an ECO PHYSICS CLD 700 ELht was Solutions


Although modern systems emit less than one-third of the NOx produced by older units, an effi cient, clean-burning traditional


gas burner, operating at elevated temperatures, still produces signifi cant amounts of nitrogen oxides. In some areas, air quality compliance demands boiler emissions to be further reduced or meet “Ultra-Low NOx than 10-12ppm of NOx


” (ULN) standards, which are typically less in the fl ue gas. In this case, the use of


post-combustion control technologies, such as SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) or SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction), is required. Both techniques are based on the injection of a reducing agent such as NH3


or urea into the fl ue gas stream, which reacts


used. The instrument was directly connected to the hot exhaust gas sample. Internal hot tubing and particle fi lters in the device allow analyses without pre-processing of the gas sample and prevent water condensation. The cross-sensitivity to the remaining water vapor in the sample is below 0.5% of the measured value. The measurement accuracy is ± 0.1ppm (applied measuring range 0-10ppm).


A Task For ECO PHYSICS’ New Generation Chemiluminescence Detectors:


The neoCLD Series


To ensure compliance with current and future norms and regulations that are continuously enhanced, along with savings in NOx


taxes, the use of precise and reliable chemiluminescence


ranging from 5ppm to 5000ppm with minimal detection limits averaging from 0.05ppb to 0.5ppm. To ensure accordance with the sample conditions, the nCLD 800 Series is modularly designed providing tailor-made solutions. For instance, a dual sample inlet, two parallel gas fl ow streams with heated sample lines, two reaction chambers with specialized metal converters, an internal pump and pressure regulation, are only a few possible adaptations. Furthermore, the nCLD 822 CMhr with its catalytic converter allows a specifi c assessment of the ammonia slip in SCR systems.


Infobox: TFTEI Clearing House NOx


remains an important pollutant that causes severe harm to humans and the environment, even though in times of climate change, the focus of R&D shifted towards greenhouse gases. Therefore, the revised LCP BREF aims at further lowering the NOx


emission thresholds. New abatement technologies and strategies, as well as measuring and monitoring devices, regain importance to enable an economically and ecologically reasonable production. The Task Force on Techno-Economic Issues (TFTEI), working under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) provided information on the techno-economics of emission abatement for more than 15 years. TFTEI recently set up an information platform, the so-called “Clearing House”, which aims at gathering the most recent information on new developments in the fi eld. To increase the amount and quality of information, input from equipment manufacturers, plant operators and other experts in the fi eld is highly appreciated at any time. For more information and contact details: tftei.citepa.org.


References


1. A. Haj Ayed, K.Kusterer, H.H.-W.Funke, J.Keinz, D.Bohn: Power and Propulsion Research, 2017.


2. Dr. G. P. Feuersänger: ‘Essential tool for stack testers in Sweden’, AWE International Issue 46 (March 2017) pp.24-25.


3. European Comission. (2013). Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Large Combustion Plants - Draft 1.


4. Rentz, O.; Nunge, S.; Laforsch, M.; Holtmann, T. (1999): Technical Background Documents for the Actualisation and Assessment of UN/ECE Protocols related to the Abatement of the Transboundary Transport of Volatile Organic Compounds and Nitrogen Oxides from Stationary Sources: French-German Institute for Environmental Research, University of Karlsruhe.


5. Spliethoff, H., Greul, U., Rüdiger, H., & Hein, K. R. G. (1996). Basic effects on NOx


emissions in air staging and reburning


at a bench-scale test facility. Fuel, 75(5), 560–564. http://doi. org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00281-2.


6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1998), NOx : How


nitrogen oxides affect the way we live and breathe, (September).


Figure 3: Calculated temperature (bottom) and NO mass fraction (top) distributions for the reference burner (x=0, Δk=0). (A. Haj Ayed, K.Kusterer, H.H.-W.Funke, J.Keinz, D.Bohn, 2017).


Author Contact Details Kevin Mutter (Eco Physics AG), Carmen Mayera , Ann-Kathrin Müllera , Frank Schultmanna , Nadine Allemandb


• Bubikonerstr. 45, POB 282, 8635 Dürnten, Switzerland • Tel +41 55 220 22 22 • Email: info@ecophysics.com • Web: www.ecophysics.com a


Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Industrial Production and French-German Institute for Environmental Research (IIP-DFIU), Germany (www.iip.kit.edu) b Interprofessional Technical Centre for Studies on Air Pollution (CITEPA), France (www.citepa.org)


7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1998), AP 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I, Chapter 1: External Combustion Sources, 1.4 Natural Gas Combustion, (July).


www.envirotech-online.com AET October / November 2017


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36