Measurement and Testing 55 InfraCal
Model HATR-T2 31 15 17 23 15 20 10 12 12 2
25 19 13 10 17 17 15 13 13 13 14 13
EPA 1664 33
32 27 29 30 34 12 14 13 14 24 11 21 21 21 19 19 14 8
10 11 12
and an infrared transmission method. With the 1664 gravimetric method, any volatile oils below the boiling point of hexane will be evaporated off with the solvent. With an infrared method using a transmission cell, the oil is measured directly in the solvent without evaporation and the volatile hydrocarbons will be retained. This will make a transmission infrared reading higher than an EPA 1664 result if the sample has volatile oils.
While all of the considerations listed above make it look like any correlation could be difficult, by using careful analytical procedures, understanding the composition of the waste stream and knowing the limits of each measurement system, useful information can still be generated. The table to the left shows samples from on an oil rig in the North Sea that
were tested by a laboratory using EPA 1664 and the InfraCal TOG/TPH Analyser, Model HATR-T2 (see photo) which uses hexane as an extraction solvent. With this infrared method the hexane is evaporated off prior to measurement so the volatile hydrocarbons will not be retained and should give a reading closer to the hexane/gravimetric method. This example shows that infrared analysis, which has been used off-shore for over 40 years, can be a valuable tool in assessing if an oil separation system is performing to the required specifications.
So, the answer to the initial question as to whether one analysis method will match another is that most methods will typically correlate closely enough to provide operators with the information necessary to make sure their effluent does not exceed the regulatory limit. Will the numbers match exactly? Sometimes…
Note: For a more in depth review of this topic, please see the write up by Dan Caudle of Sound Environmental Solutions, Inc. for the Oil in Water Monitoring Workshop 2002 titled “Sources of Error in Oil in Water Measurements and their Impact on Comparing Oil in Water Monitors”.
http://www.wilksir.com/pdf/SourceforErrors.pdf
Eclipse Model Advances Guided Wave Radar Technology
Magnetrol International (Netherlands), have launched the ECLIPSE Model 706 guided wave radar (GWR) transmitter, a level control solution that advances guided wave radar
technology with improved
performance for a wide range of level and interface control applications.
The ECLIPSE Model 706 is designed to provide outstanding accuracy, reliability and safety for virtually all process industries. Latest-generation features include:
Enhanced Signal Performance – The ECLIPSE Model 706 innovative GWR circuitry achieves both a higher transmit pulse amplitude and improved receiver sensitivity, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is nearly 300% higher than competitive GWR devices. This assures precise, dependable control for every level application, including extremely low dielectric media, extended measuring ranges, and punishing conditions where foaming, boiling or flashing can occur.
Overfill Capable Probes – Magnetrol offers the only guided wave radar transmitter on the market with a complete line of overfill capable probes. Unlike other GWR transmitters that use algorithms to inter level readings in top-of-the-probe dead zones, the ECLIPSE Model 706 measures true level to within specification all the way up to the process flange. Coaxial and single rod overfill capable probes can be installed in various configurations on the vessel, even when the risk of flooding exists.
Advanced Diagnostics – The ECLIPSE Model 706 takes the user interface experience to new levels of convenience and functionality. The LCD diagnostics convey critical real-time waveform and trend data with outstanding ease of use. Additionally, the ECLIPSE Model 706 can be preconfigured online prior to shipment, to ensure plug-and-play transmitter commissioning and automatic capture of echo curve during upsets.
The ECLIPSE Model 706 transmitter provides safe, efficient and cost-effective liquid level and interface control, and is virtually unaffected by fluctuating process conditions including density, dielectric, viscosity and specific gravity.
Reader Reply Card No 179
Transformer Oil Quality Monitoring - Online, Continuous, Plug-and-Play
Oil quality in high voltage transformers is critical to both safety and efficiency. OilQSens®
from cmc Instruments GmbH (Germany) is a unique, new
oil condition monitor, online and continuous. It detects changes in oil quality much earlier than traditional technologies such as dissolved gas analysis (DGA).
For established power supply companies, asset protection is key to their profitability. Predictive maintenance clearly has benefits over rigid inspection and maintenance intervals. OilQSens® other technologies.
is earlier and more sensitive than
Compared to Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) the measurement is continuous not sampling, requires no consumables, is virtually maintenance free, requires no technical skill to operate and yet is as much as half the price of leading DGA brands.
OilQSens® is set to become the new standard for continuous monitoring of
transformer oil quality. It accurately shows the aging of oil and also directly correlates to water in oil. The readings are fully temperature compensated for accurate comparison of data over long periods of time.
OilQSens® is easy to install or retro-fit. The decentralised, web based monitoring system makes results available anywhere in the world.
cmc Instruments GmbH manufacture trace moisture analysers, gas generators, filter systems for process gases and the new OilQSens®
and WearSens® - patented, online system for oil condition monitoring in different applications. Reader Reply Card No 178 Monitoring High Temperature Industrial Installations
An application report from FLIR Systems (France) details how the German Bayernoil refinery complex has used a FLIR infrared furnace camera to monitor its hydro reformers enabling them to keep the installations up and running efficiently.
Stable high temperatures and efficient combustion in refinery furnaces, heaters and boilers are mandatory for a continuous output of high-quality oil derivates. The high temperature hydro reformer installations at Bayernoil run 24/7 and at 100% capacity to satisfy the high demand for their petroleum products. Hence the major importance of condition monitoring and preventive maintenance of furnaces and heat supply.
Using a FLIR GF309 furnace camera - the application report details how engineers regularly inspect the different types of furnaces at the three Bayernoil sites. Calibrated for measurements of up to 1,500 ºC, the FLIR GF309 furnace camera provides temperature reading across entire high- temperature surface areas, enabling a faster inspection in critical or potentially hazardous environments. The FLIR GF309 furnace camera's protective shield is designed not only to reflect the heat away from the camera and its user, but also entirely cover the area of a furnace inspection window.
The information gathered by the furnace camera has helped Bayernoil to determine when furnace temperature sensors need to be exchanged; indicate if the temperature of piping stays within acceptable safe limits; provide information if productivity can be raised and to assess the condition of the furnace burners to determine whether they have to be adjusted or cleaned.
Using the FLIR Reporter software suite on the GF309 furnace camera - Bayernoil engineers are able to gather and analyse their findings and to share them with the process safety, production and maintenance specialists at the plants, enabling them to assess and optimise production.
Overall Bayernoil have found that the FLIR GF309 furnace camera has given them key information on the thermal load of their furnace and piping installations enabling production optimisation and an improvement in operational safety. They expect the infra- red camera to be amortised within two years.
Reader Reply Card No 180 Annual Buyers’ Guide 2013 •
www.petro-online.com
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