Analytical Instrumentation 13
FTIR Fuel Analysis in Seconds - Octane & Cetane Numbers, FAME Concentration etc.
Sulphur Analysis in Crude Oil and High-Sulphur Fuels
Rigaku Corporation (USA) has published a new application report demonstrating the capabilities of the Rigaku ZSX Primus II, a tube below sequential wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer optimised for routine analysis as performed by today’s petroleum laboratories. Rigaku Application Note XRF 5016 demonstrates quantitative analysis of high concentration sulphur in crude oil, high-sulphur diesel fuel and residual fuel oil according to ASTM
D2622-10.The report includes complete information about sample preparation, method calibration and repeatability.
Crude oil is a raw material for petroleum products and typically contains sulphur in varying concentrations up to 5 wt%. Sulphur compounds in petroleum can produce various harmful effects including air pollution, metal corrosion and catalyst degradation. Sulphur concentration in crude oil and high-sulphur fuels is therefore monitored or controlled in refinery and production processes within the petroleum industry.
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is an effective tool for quantitative analysis of sulphur in crude oil and high-sulphur fuels including bunker fuel, due in part to its simple sample preparation requirements. In XRF analysis of oils, samples are simply poured into liquid cells; concentration of total sulphur is then obtained without complicated treatments such as digestion or dilution.
As described in the report, measurements were performed on the ZSX Primus II equipped with a 3 kW X-ray tube operating at 30 kV, 80 mA using a germanium (Ge) analysing crystal and the S4 slit, as included in the standard configuration. Standards comprised of crude oil, “Number 2 diesel fuel” and residual oil were used for calibration. Counting times were 20 seconds for peak and 10 seconds for background. Repeatability tests were carried out using a representative sample for each material.
This application note demonstrates that high concentration sulphur in crude oil and petroleum based fuels can be routinely analysed with high precision by WDXRF and that the performance of the ZSX Primus II meets the requirement of ASTM D2622-10.
Reader Reply Card No 46
Eralytics GmbH, Austria, presents ERASPEC, the first portable mid-FTIR spectrometer designed as a fully automated multi fuel analyzer. With the ERASPEC a spectral analysis of gasoline AND of diesel fuel can be performed with a single portable analyzer. Highly accurate results for more than 30 parameters of gasoline and diesel fuel, several important fuel properties, like Octane and Cetane numbers as well as Biodiesel (FAME) in conventional diesel fuel are presented on a large full color touch screen in seconds.
The unmatched precision, speed and ease of operation make ERASPEC the preferred analyzer for fuel compliance testing in the QC laboratory, fast at-line refining streams quality follow-up, fuel blending and research applications.
It follows in each detail the requirements of the latest international standards ASTM D5845, ASTM D6277, EN 238 and EN 14078
The heart of the system is a patented, rugged interferometer field-proven to be used also in challenging environments. The internal components are mounted on anti-vibration platforms and the portable aluminum instrument housing allows for field tests directly at the point of sale.
Additionally ERASPEC is the ultimate solution for the global challenge posed by adulteration, smuggling and dilution in the fuel industry. With the touch of a button ERASPEC provides a detailed spectral analysis of fuels directly in the field to ensure the quality of fuels, to identify contaminations and to prevent impacts on public health, environment and engine components.
For more information on ERASPEC visit
www.eralytics.com or send an email to
office@eralytics.com.
Reader Reply Card No 48 Gas Chromatography for Petrochemical Applications
Gas chromatography is a well-established analytical technique that allows the quali-quantitative analysis of gas or gasifiable mixtures, with high accuracy and precision for trace components. In petrochemical application, the gas chromatography finds its main use in controlling the production of saturated hydrocarbons, olefins and light diolefins.
Pollution Srl (Italy) offers a complete system for analysis with micro-gas chromatographs: POLLUTION "GCX" for continuous online analysis and multipoints sampling.
The GCX is able to perform a complete analysis of permanent gases (H2, O2, N2, CO and CO2), saturated hydrocarbons and olefins (C1-C5 and C6+) in less than 160 seconds.
It is possible to integrate up to four independent analytical modules into each instrument. Each module incorporates a micro-injector, a capillary column and a thermal conductivity detector (TCD).
GCX system configuration for the analysis of complex matrix (C1 - C6 + and permanent gases). The GCX used for this application involves the use of two carrier gases (helium and argon) and four analytical modules.
The module equipped with a Molsieve column separates and analyses the permanent gases (H2, O2, N2, and CH4) with the exception of CO2. In the second module (PoraPlot-U) CO2 and light hydrocarbons (C3 and C4) are analysed. Finally, in the third and fourth module equipped respectively with an Alumina column (Al2O3/KCL) and dimethylpolysiloxane (OV-1) is possible to separate heavier saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons up to C6+.
At the end of the analytical run, the embedded software (Pollution MC2) simultaneously shows the chromatograms and automatically generates a report with concentration and calorific value (BTU) according to ISO 6976.
Reader Reply Card No 47
When contacting companies directly about their products and services, please let them know where you found them!
Thanks, PIN. Reader Reply Card No 49 Annual Buyers’ Guide 2013 •
www.petro-online.com
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