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Seminar Offers Solutions for Process Plant Modernisation Challenges
The challenge for aging plants worldwide is finding the best way to improve process unit utilisation (reduced shutdowns and slowdowns) and energy efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and mitigate safety and environmental incidents. Meeting this challenge requires adding automation in areas where installing more cable often means a high risk of damaging the plant. Wireless communication is today’s low risk solution.
To help end users meet this challenge, the HART Communication Foundation (USA) is offering educational seminars free of charge for end users on WirelessHART technology (IEC 62591), the industry’s first international wireless communication standard. Seminars were recently held in Pattaya, Thailand, and in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with more than 100 end users attending.
“Wireless changes how things are done around plants: how assets are maintained, how we look at energy consumption, how we operate in the field, and how we operate remote sites,” says Jonas Berge, director of applied technology, Emerson Process Management, Singapore. “To do all these things easily and well requires using a wireless technology that is simple, reliable and secure—specifically, WirelessHART technology.”
The WirelessHART seminars include live demonstrations of the technology’s interoperability, reliability and ease of use. Presentations include: understanding how WirelessHART technology was designed to meet user requirements; WirelessHART applications; planning and implementing a WirelessHART project; plus wired HART and the HART-IP backhaul protocol for Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
The seminars are sponsored by Foundation member companies: Cooper Bussman, Emerson Process Management, Endress+Hauser, MACTek, Meriam, Pepperl+Fuchs, Phoenix Contact, and ProComSol.
The HART Communication Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit membership organisation that provides global support for the application of HART technology. The Foundation is the technology owner, standards setting body and central authority on the HART Communication Protocol, establishing and controlling new technology developments and enhancements that support the needs of the process automation industry. Founded in 1993, Foundation membership includes more than 290 companies worldwide. HART Communication is the leading technology for smart process instruments with more than 40 million devices installed worldwide.
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US EPA Confirms ASTM D6377 as Alternative Test Method For Measuring Vapour Pressure of Crude Oils
A new method for measuring the True Vapour Pressure (TVP) of crude oils is spreading quickly within the oil and gas industry. At request of the American Petroleum Institute (API), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently confirmed the use of the ASTM D6377-10 standard as an alternative test method for the determination of the True Vapour Pressure of high VP crude oils. Widely used by the industry, the new method is installed on AMETEK Grabner Instruments (Austria) vapour pressure testers.
As defined by the International Maritime Organisation, the True Vapour Pressure (TVP) or bubble point vapour pressure is the equilibrium vapour pressure of a mixture when the vapour/liquid ratio (V/L) is zero. A V/L = 0 can be achieved, if a container is filled to the top with crude oil. This condition is typical for floating roof tanks, where the roof is floating directly on the crude oil.
As clear as this definition seems, a correct interpretation of the TVP term always depends on the specification for which it is used. In refining, the term TVP often is used to reflect the specific conditions of storage or transport. For example, if a truck or a ship is filled 95% with crude oil and only 5% vapour space remains, the vapour pressure at a V/L = 0.053 may be referred to as TVP. In US EPA title 40 regulations, the term TVP is used for a TVP estimate calculated from a D323 Reid Vapour Pressure measurement and the crude oil´s tank stock temperature.
In its letter dated May 28, 2013, the US EPA acknowledged the broad use of the ASTM D6377-10 standard for VP measurement of crude oils. It confirmed the use of D6377 as an alternative method for TVP measurement of volatile crude oils, as defined under title 40 CFR with the understanding that crude oil samples are delivered pressurised for measurement to prevent evaporation of light ends and that the TVP is measured at a V/L = 4.
The ASTM D6377 method is very versatile. It allows measurement of the TVP at various V/L ratios to reflect different tank filling levels. In addition, Grabner analysers include a method for Bubble Point determination. Sandia National Laboratories has used this Bubble Point / TVP extrapolation method successfully (see Lord & Rudeen, 2010): From three D6377 measurements at different V/L ratios the TVP of crude oil at a V/L = 0 is extrapolated. The extrapolation function assumes that crude oil is composed of three components: very light gas components (e.g. methane or nitrogen), intermediate volatility components (e.g. C2 and higher) and a non-volatile fraction (Lord & Rudeen, 2010).
Grabner analysers have used the TVP extrapolation method successfully around the world. The method was successfully demonstrated on large number of crude oil samples at the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, and similar TVP extrapolation project is currently underway at the Canadian Crude Quality Technical Association (CCQTA).
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ABB Ltd _________________________________________45 Analytik Jena AG__________________________________19 Anton Paar GmbH ________________________________13 Baseline-Mocon, Inc _______________________________20 Bronkhorst (UK) Ltd _______________________________37 Bruker Chemical and Applied Markets________________25 CEM 2014 ______________________________________IBC eralyticsTM
GmbH _________________________________4,5
General Instruments & Technolgies srl ________________33 General Monitors________________________________OFC GfG - Gesellschaft für Gerätebau mbH _______________29 GMI – Detcon, Inc_________________________________28 GR Scientific Ltd ___________________________________7
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Grabner Instruments Meßtechnik Nfg. Gesellschaft mbH & Co KG __________________________3 i-Fischer Engineering GmbH ________________________22 Industrial Scientific Corporation _____________________IFC Julabo Labortechnik GmbH _________________________20 Koehler Instrument Company, Inc ____________________8 L-K Industries, Inc _________________________________16 MSA Europe _____________________________________33 OI Analytical _____________________________________18 Oldham SAS _____________________________________31 Oxford Instruments Analytical _______________________10 PAC LP __________________________________________16 PANalytical BV ____________________________________21
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Refex Sensors Ltd _________________________________44 Restek Corporation ______________________________OBC Rigaku Corporation _______________________________23 Servomex Group Ltd_______________________________46 Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH ______________________15 Tank Storage Asia 2013 ____________________________39 Thermo Scientific – Informatics Division (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific)_____________________17 Wilks Enterprise, Inc _______________________________43 X-Ray Optical Systems, Inc________________________9, 11 Yokogawa Europe BV______________________________47
OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2013 •
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