MicroscopyInnovations
components are controlled by a single soſtware interface, Impulse. Te Nano-Reactor has been designed for stability against mechanical and thermal driſt, and the sample may be monitored during experiments at high temperature, high gas pressure, and various gas flows and partial vapor pressures. Tis patented device (with an on-chip inlet and outlet) results in a unidirectional gas flow over the sample, improving sig- nal/noise ratio and sensitivity of the gas analyzer, in order to detect the gas products from chemical reactions inside the Nano-Reactor. Te small size of the microheater allows EDS analysis at temperatures at or above 900°C. Te system also allows nano-calorimetry for measuring the amount of thermal energy that is transferred in a chemical reaction and monitoring the endo/exothermic characteristics. With this system, gas mixture, pressure, flow rate, vapor
pressure, temperature, and reaction product analysis can be controlled independently through closed-loop feedback pro- vided by sensors for all variables. Such experimental control is essential for analysis under near operating conditions of battery electrode materials, new catalysts, and new synthesis methods for high-performance materials. Information pro- vided by the CLIMATE system, such as the correlation of particle size/shape, gas composition, atomic and electronic structure, calorimetry, and mass
important for understanding structure-property relation- ships and atomic-scale synthesis of novel energy materials.
X-Cite NOVEM Fluorescence Illumination System Excelitas Technologies Corp. Developer: Joe Lee
Te X-Cite NOVEM is a
nine-channel LED illumination system for fluorescence imaging applications. Available configu- rations cover imaging at shorter wavelengths of the spectrum to the near-IR. Te unit has five independent LEDs, outfitted with excitation filters for imag-
ing popular fluorophores such as DAPI, CFP, GFP/FITC, and Cy5. Four additional channels (500–600 nm) are powered by the patented LaserLED Hybrid Drive® technology, with a 4-position motorized filter changer to select specific wavelengths within this range for popular green excited fluorophores such as YFP, TRITC, and mCherry. Te preinstalled filters and motorized filter changer make it easy to image with multiband filter cubes without bleed-through. Filters not in use stay in the system so they will not get misplaced in the lab. Te X-Cite NOVEM cou- ples to most standard research microscopes with a liquid light guide and an X-Cite microscope adaptor. Each of the nine chan- nels can be controlled individually or combined with others, and rapid channel-switching allows high-throughput imaging.
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Everyone in the lab will appreciate how quietly the system runs. Even operating at full power, the acoustic noise generated by X-Cite NOVEM is exceptionally low. For applications such as Fura-2, xenon lamps have long
been the light source of choice because of their uniform intensity over a wide range of wavelengths. Fura-2 ratiomet- ric imaging requires equal light intensity at both 340 nm and 380 nm in order to analyze the signal ratio in calcium studies. In an LED system, each of these wavelengths can be controlled separately to capture images at similar excitation intensities. In addition, LED lamps last for tens of thousands of hours, compared to a few hundred hours for xenon lamps. Te IR version of the system is able to image in near-IR, using ICG (indocyanine green) and IR800 dyes, providing higher signal- to-noise ratios because of low background autofluorescence in the near-infrared region. Interest in this spectral region (using ICG and IR800) is growing because of its potential use in image-guided surgery. Te IR800 dye has high water solubility and stability, low toxicity, and high signal in human tumor cells. Near-IR wavelengths also allow for greater depth penetration in thicker tissues and living animals.
spectroscopy data are
EXpressLO-Z™ FIB/TEM Specimen Grids EXpressLO LLC Developers: Lucille Giannuzzi and Nicolaie Moldovan EXpressLO-Z™ grids
consist
of conducting nanocrystalline dia- mond (NCD), which eliminates most overlaps between X-rays emanating from the specimen and from conven- tional grids. EXpressLO-Z™ grids are produced using lithography and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Since these grids are made
of NCD, they exhibit low inherent X-ray background with a majority carbon K characteristic peak. Te 3 mm NCD grids are designed for use in either FIB ex situ liſt out (EXLO) or in situ liſt out (INLO) specimen preparation. Slots in the grid accept specimens of different lengths, and a half-grid style allows for additional FIB milling (if needed). Tese grids contain no met- als typical of conventional grids (Cu, Mo, Ni, Ta, Au) that pro- duce X-rays that may interfere with X-rays from like elements within the specimen. Te CVD deposition yields a smooth grid surface ideal for attaching EXLO or INLO specimens. Te NCD grid material can be subjected to high temperatures for in situ heating experiments. Te FIB/TEM community has been searching for a low-Z grid material for several years to avoid X-ray peak overlaps. To date, the difficulty has been develop- ing a cost-effective way of manufacturing such grids. Beryllium grids are available but are rarely used because Be is toxic and dangerous to handle. EXpressLO-Z™ grids are carbon-based, stable at high temperatures, and cost-effective.
www.microscopy-today.com • 2021 September
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