Background information
In previous grades, the learners learnt: • about whole numbers, integers, common and decimal fractions; how to do calculations (mental, on paper and using a calculator); and some of the properties of operations;
• how to calculate squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots of integers • about ratio and rate including speed as distance per time unit • topics of financial mathematics such as profit and loss, budgets, accounts, loans, simple interest and hire purchase
• to solve word problems involving the above topics.
Interesting information about some of the topics covered in this chapter can be found on web sites of the internet, for example: • a value of π up to 1 000 places of decimal. Just Google “value of Pi” to access the relevant web sites.
• Also on financial topics such as interest rates; e.g. the prime interest rate. Teaching guidelines
• This chapter covers a wide variety of topics and implied skills, so you need to monitor learners’ mastering of the learning material closely.
• When demonstrating Worked examples on the board, encourage learners to participate by answering questions like “By what prime number is this whole number divisible?” (when doing HCF and LCM).
• Exercises must at least partially be done in the classroom under supervision. Monitor the learners’ progress and provide help and remediation where required.
• In order to draw graphs of direct and indirect proportion relationships, the learners must be provided with suitable grid paper, like cm2-dotted paper.
• Information about current interest rates of banks and other financial institutions, like money lenders, should be obtained in order to make the learning of simple and compound interest practical and relevant for the learners.
Resouces
• Number cards, comparison card (cards with <, > and =), number lines, HTU grids up to millions, grid paper, cardboard, colour pens, poster boards, counters, scissors, rulers. Each learner should have their own calculator. Provide current financial information from newspaper and banks regarding budgets and interest rates. Have store flyers advertising sales, utility bills and store accounts to show learners the use of financial mathematics every day.
Chapter 1: Numbers and integers
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CHAPTER 1
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