AUGUST 2018 THE RIDER /11 What are Macronutrients? Macronutrients are the


nutrients that are required in larger amounts in your horse’s diet. They include protein, fat and carbohy- drates (non-structural carbo- hydrates and fibre). The sections below


provide examples of dietary sources of each macronutri- ent, but remember that these sources still contain other macronutrients. For exam- ple, cereal grains can be a source of carbohydrates, but also contain protein and fat.


Protein Protein, important for


the growth and function of your horse’s tissues and or- gans, is made up of amino acids. Each type of protein is made up of different types of amino acids. Certain amino acids are “essential” for your horse to get through his or her diet, because they cannot be made by the horse’s body. Other amino acids are considered “non- essential”, because they can be made by your horse’s body. It is important to con- sider the amino acid compo- sition of the proteins in your horse’s diet to ensure your horse is getting enough es- sential amino acids.


Sources high in pro-


tein include: • Commercial ration bal- ancers • Seed meals, like soybean • Legume hays e.g. alfalfa, clover and birdsfoot trefoil • Growing pasture, e.g.


smooth bromegrass • Dried yeast • Amino acid supplements


Fat Fat is used by your


horse as an energy source and to help with the absorp- tion of fat-soluble vitamins, like vitamin A. Fat contains fatty acids. Like protein, dif- ferent fats have different fatty acids, and some of these fatty acids are essen- tial, while others are non-es- sential. Again, it’s important to consider the differences in fatty acid profiles when looking at your horse’s diet.


Sources high in fat in-


clude: • Oils, like vegetable or fish oil • Grains • Pasture


Carbohydrates Carbohydrates include


many very different types of compounds. Animal scien- tists have developed many ways to divide this category of nutrients over the years, but two important cate- gories for horses are non- structural carbohydrates and fibre.


Non-structural Carbohy- drates (NSC) Non-structural carbo-


hydrates (NSC) provide a source of energy for your horse that is more rapidly digested and absorbed than structural


carbohydrates (fibre). NSC include mono-


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and disaccharides, oligosaccharides (including fructans) and starch. High dietary intake of NSC may in- crease the risk of obesity and laminitis, and can be harmful for horses with diseases like Cushing’s and Equine Metabolic Syndrome.


Sources high in NSC include: • Spring pasture • Molasses • Grains • Concentrates


Structural Carbohydrates (Fibre) Fibre is one of the most im-


portant nutrients for your horse’s di- gestive health! Fibre is needed to ensure food keeps moving through


your horse’s digestive tract, and is an important source of energy when broken down and used by microbes in your horse’s hindgut. Examples of fibre important to your horse’s health include cellulose and hemi- cellulose. Sources high in structural car-


bohydrates include: • Hay • Pasture • Beet pulp An equine nutritionist or vet-


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