IP Solutions - Glossary of Terms
packet-switched Link Layer networks (e.g., Ethernet). IPv4 uses 32-bit (four-byte) addresses, which limits the address space to 4,294,967,296 (232) possible unique addresses. However, some are reserved for special purposes such as private networks (~18 million addresses) or multicast addresses (~270 million addresses).
IPV6
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is a version of the Internet Protocol that is designed to succeed Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, whereas IPv4 uses only 32 bits. The new address space supports 2128 (about 3.4×1038) addresses. This expansion provides considerable flexibility in allocating addresses and routing traffic. It also eliminates the primary need for network address translation (NAT), which gained widespread deployment as an effort to alleviate IPv4 address exhaustion.
IP Address
An identifier for the ISP's server. Often the IP address looks simi lar to this: 205.112.134.121.
IPCONFIG
A utility included with TCP/IP that displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all network adapter cards on your computer. IPCONFIG is handy for checking a computer's address quickly. It also can detect bad IP addresses or subnet masks.
IPX/SPX ( I n t e r n e two r k Pa c k e t Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange)
A Protocol frequantly used with Novell NetWare networks, although you also can use it with Microsoft networks. IPX/SPX supports many of Windows's features, including NetBIOS, Windows sockets, and others.
IRC
A popular method used on the Internet and in the private networks to chat between computers and sometime share applications.
IRQ (interrupt request)
A hardware signal sent to the central processing unit. Each device must send an IRQ before the CPU can process the request for service. Hardware lines carry a device's signal to the processor. When the device wants to communicate with the processor, it causes an IRQ to gain the processor's attention.
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
A 16-bit bus design.
A digital service that transmits data, voice and video. ISDN lines are copper, twisted-pair cabling that you can lease from your local phone company. ISDN supplies low noise, less interference, and good security. ISDN runs at speeds from 56 Kbps to 45 Mbps, depending on the cabling type.
ISO/OSI (International Organization for St anda rdi z a t ion/Open Sy s t ems Interconnect)
The ISO/OSI model is a set of standards that define networks functionality. ISO/OSI sets standards for cabling, NICs, Protocols, and so on.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
A company or service that provides access to the Internet for a monthly fee.
ITU-TSS
(International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standards Section)
An organization that sets international telecommunications standards that govern, in part, the definition of modem speeds and operations; formerly known as the CCITT.
Java
A programming language that enables embedded motion on a Web page, thus making the Web page more dynamic than static. Java programs you download from the internet are usually safe from viruses or other harmful additions.
Jitter
The fluctuation of a data packet with respect to the standard clock cycle.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
A file format for graphics. A good format to use on the Internet, because the graphic is compressed when saved in this format. Use JPEG for Photographs, in particular.
Jumpers
Small switches that complete a circuit between two pins on an adapter card. When you adjust the jumpers, you can change the IRQ, base memory address, or I/O port address. Plug and Play cards don't have jumpers.
Kbps (kilobits per second)
A measure of data transmission or network speed. 1Kbps is 1,024bps.
Kernel
The core of the operating system that interfaces directly with the hardware.
See Kbps.
Kilobits per second Kilobyte
A Kilobyte (K) contains 1,024 bytes. Your file sizes represented in the Windows Explorer, for example, are listed in kilobytes if the files are small. Kilo - is the prefix for 1,000 in the metric system.
L1 cache
There are two levels of cache in a computer: L1 (level 1) and L2 (level 2). L1 cache, also known as internal cache, is a small amount of fast memory. See also L2 cache.
L2 cache
The L2 cache is linked directly to the processor to make it react quicker to processor requests. All computers have L1 cache; not all computers have L2. See also L1 Cache.
LAN (local area network)
A set of computers and other equipment (printers, hubs, and soon) that communicate through local cabling using networking protocols. A LAN might cover computers in one room or office, in a building, or spanning several buildings.
LAWN (local-area wireless network)
A network that uses radio transmissions to communicate with other computers.
Leased Line
Refers to a phone, ISDN, xDSL, frame relay,or other line that is rented for exclusive, 24 hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week use.
See LAN
Local Area Network Logical Drive
A logical drive isn't a physical drive in your computer; rather it is a partition on one drive that is given an arbitrary letter, such as E, F, G, and so on.
LonWorks
A protocol used in home and building automation. You can connect up to 32,000 devices to a LonWorks network, Intelligent control devices, called nodes, communicate with each other by using the LonWorks protocol. Each node has the intelligence to use the protocol to perform its own control functions. Nodes might be sensors, motion detectors, instruments, and so on.
Mac (Media Access Control) address
An Ethernet address also is called a MAC address. It's a number written as 12 hexadecimal digits-0 through 9 and A through F-as in 0080001021ef. Alternatively, a MAC address might have six hexadecimal numbers separated by periods or colons, as in 0:80:0:2:21ef The MAC address is unique to each computer and does not identify the location of the computer, only the computer itself.
Map
Network maps describe how a network is put together. Not only does the map show where the computers and peripherals are located, but it also tracks important information about wiring, networking hardware, and even software used throughout your system.
Mapping a Drive
A method of reconnecting to a network drive and folder as a shortcut. You assign a drive letter-such as J, K, L, M, N, or other drive not currently in use-to represent the path to the resource.
Mbps (megabits per second)
A measure of data transmission or network speed equaling 1 million bits (or 1,000 kilobits) per second.
Meg
See megabytes. Megabit
A megabit (Mbit) equals 1,048,576 binary digits, or bits of data. In general, a megabit is the equivalent of 1 million bits.
Megabytes (MB, M, or meg)
A megabyte (MB) contains 1,048,576 bytes. Mega-is the prefix for 1 million in metric system. It is used in representing file size, as well as computer memory and hard disk capacity.
Mesh Topology
Represents a wide area network (WAN) used in a large corporations, universities, and government agencies. Mesh uses multiple paths to connect multiple sites or buildings.
Linux
A free operating system that began in 1991. The Linux kernel runs on Intel and Alpha Hardware. The program is in the general release and available under the GNU General Public License. There are hundreds of "flavors" of Linux available, including Mandrake, Red hat, and many others.
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