Fire - Glossary of Terms
temperature-often in an unattended industrial process system.
High Water Level Sensor
A sensor that detects higher-than expected water or other liquid Levels. Example: Rising ground water in the basement of a building.
Initiating Device
Any device that feeds information from the field to the control panel. Examples include smoke detectors, heat detectors, MCPs, etc.
Ionization Smoke Detector
A smoke detector that has a small amount of radioactive material which ionizes the air in the sensing chamber, thus rendering it conductive and permitting a current to flow between two charged electrodes. This gives the sensing chamber an effective electrical conductance. When smoke particles enter the sensing chamber they decrease the conductance of the air by attaching themselves to the ions, causing a reduction in mobility. When the conductance is reduced to less than a predetermined level, the detector responds.
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display. A screen for displaying text/graphics based on a technology called liquid crystal, where minute currents change the transparency of the by changing the polarization angle. The advantages of LCD screens are very small power consumption (can be easily battery driven) and low price of mass-produced units. The disadvantages are narrow viewing angle, slow response, invisibility in the dark unless the display is back lighted, and difficulties displaying true colors with color LCD displays.
LED
Light Emitting Diode. A semiconductor diode, which produces light when a certain low voltage, forward bias, is applied to it. Like a normal diode it conducts only in one direction.
Level Ceilings
Those ceilings that are actually level or have a slope of less than 1 in 20.
Light Scattering
The action of light being reflected and / or refracted off particles of combustion for detection by a photoelectric smoke detector.
Line Type Detector
A device in which detection is continuous along a path. Examples include beam smoke detectors and heat sensitive cable.
Listed
Equipment or materials included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specific manner.
Low Voltage (LV)
An electrical circuit that carries voltage not exceeding 1,000 volts AC or 1,500 volts DC.
Low Water Level Sensor
A sensor that detects lower-than expected water or other liquid Levels. Examples : A sprinkler system tank, a building heating system's boiler, a sprinkler system water
reservoir, etc. Multiple Sensor Alarm
An alarm generated when at least two separate sensors detect the condition before the alarm is triggered. In some instances, redundant sensors in different system zones must trip before the alarm is triggered. However, activation of one sensor may trigger an alarm. When this happens, there is a high probability that a real emergency exists.
Standards Australia
Administers the development of and publishes codes, standards, and other materials concerning all phases of fire safety.
Non-restorable Initiating Device
A device whose sensing element is designed to be destroyed in the process of operation.
Alarm Device
A fire alarm system component such as a bell, horn, speaker, strobe, etc that provides an audible or visible output or both.
Open Circuit
A circuit is not complete or the cable / fiber are broken. Sometimes called a fault.
Open-Pipe (Deluge) Flow Sensor
A sensor that detects the flow of water in an open-pipe sprinkler system.
Output Device
Any device that feeds information from the control panel to the field for notification. Examples include horns, sirens, strobes, etc.
Particles of Combustion
Substances resulting from the chemical process of a fire.
Photo-Electric Smoke Detector
A smoke sensor that detects light reflected off smoke particles in a tiny chamber within the sensor.
Photo-Electric Beam Detector
A smoke sensor that detects the loss of light between a transmitting unit and an accompanying receiving unit, due to the presence of visible smoke between the units.
Preventive Maintenance
Routine scheduled service work on an alarm system to detect and prevent predictable problems from occurring, such as batteries that lose their ability to retain a charge, smoke detectors that become dirty or blocked, motion detectors whose sensitivity may change with time, switches that may become loose, etc.
Rate of Rising Sensor
A heat sensor that will respond when the temperature rises at a rate exceeding a predetermined amount, which is usually about 15 degrees in 60 seconds or exceeds its threshold of either 135 degrees or 190 degrees.
Restorable Initiating Device
A device whose sensing element is not ordinarily destroyed in the process of operation. This restoration may be manual or automatic.
Rj31
A special telephone jack used to allow equipment (typically security systems) to seize immediate control of the phone line even if that phone line was in use.
Sprinkler Control Valve Switches
A switch that detects the off-normal position of a shut-off control valve in a sprinkler system to warn of a potentially dangerous situation in which water cannot flow through the pipes in case of fire. Three common types of switches are gate valve, OS & Y, & Post indicator valve.
Sprinkler System Water Flow Sensors
A sensor that detects the flow of water in a sprinkler system.
Supervisory Alarm
Sensors that detect conditions which represent potential problems, and which require attention without unnecessary delay in order to prevent a possible emergency from developing.
Surge
An oversupply of voltage from the power company that can last up to several seconds. Power surges are the most common cause of loss to computers and electronic equipment
Terminate
To connect a wire conductor to something, typically a piece of equipment.
Twisted Wire, Heat Sensor
A length of twisted steel wire, separated by thermoplastic insulation designed to melt at temperatures indicative of fire. As the plastic insulation melts, the pressure of the twisted steel wires causes the wires to short, triggering the fire alarm signal.
Two-wire Smoke Detector
A smoke detector that initiates an alarm condition on the same pair of wires that supply power to the detector.
Sensor
A device designated to produce a signal or other indication in response to an event or stimulus within its detection area.
Smoke Detector
A sensor that detects the presence of smoke resulting from a fire or a nascent fire.
Speaker
Mechanical device used to reproduce sound waves when a power signal is applied representing those sound waves by vibrating some material that in turn creates vibrations in the air thus generating sound.
Point Type Detector
A device whose detecting element is concentrated at a particular location. Examples will include both smoke and heat detectors.
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