but silver. Although the con- ductivity of copper drops when alloyed, copper alloys with low conductivity still conduct both heat and electricity better than other corrosion-resistant materi- als. For example, the axial coils in Fig. 1 were cast in 98% pure copper to improve conductivity.
• Bio-fouling resistance because copper inhibits marine organism growth. Although this property (unique to copper) decreases upon alloying, it is retained at a useful level in many alloys.
• Low friction and wear rates, such as with the highly leaded tin-bronzes, which are cast into
Table 2. Typical Properties of Commonly Used Copper-Base Casting Alloys Nominal Chemical Analysis (%)
UNS Number
Alloy Name
C81100 Copper
C82500 Beryllium copper
C83450 Leaded red brass
C83600 C83800
C84400 Leaded semi- red brass
C84800
C85200 Leaded yellow brass
C85400 C85700
C86200 Mn bronze C86300 C86400 C86500
Cu
100 97
88 2.5 2 85 5
5
83 4 5 81 3
76 72
67 61
64 62 58 58
C87200 Silicon bronze 92 C87500 Silicon brass 82
C90300 Tin bronze 88 10 C90500
88 8
C92200 Leaded tin bronze
C92300 C92600
88 6 1.5 87
8 87 10
C93200 High-leaded tin 83 7 C93500 Bronze C93700 C93800 C94300
C95200 Al bronze 88 C95300 C95400 C95500 C95800
C96400 Cupronickel 30% 67 C97300 Leaded nickel 57 C97400 Silver C97600 C97800
89 86 81
81.5
60 64 66
2 9 3
5 2
20 16
4 4 8 5
2
1 1
7
7 5
10 15
6.5 5
7 7 9
2.5 6.5 15 1
1 1
3 3
1 1
24 29
37 0.3 26 3 4 3 Mn 1
1 1
0.5 Mn 0.5 Mn 4 Si
4 Si Sn Pb Zn Fe Al Others
UTS (ksi)
28 37
(ksi) 4
Tensile Properties YS
• Good machinability, as leaded copper alloys are free-cutting at high machining speeds, and many unleaded alloys are readily machinable at recom- mended feeds and speeds with proper tooling.
sleeve bearings and exhibit lower wear rates than steel.
Compression Strength
Elon. (%)
Elon. (psi x106
45 17
2Be, 0.5 Co 80 40 20 18 1 Ni
15 34
38 16.5 34 12 36 16 30
34 14 38 14.9
27 37
35 16
10 15
38 13 40 13 34 12
52
25 3 6 4 Mn 120 38 1 39 4
69 72
14 2 4
4.5 4
2 3
85 5 9 1 80 10 78 70
25
3 9 1
10 4 10 4 11 4 Ni 18 50
94 48 22 15 50 69
14 37 15
60 25 40 17 67
71
26 23 13 23 30
32 20 15
48 21 36 15 47
35 20 38 15
42 18 43 13 44 18
35 15 14
44 20 32 14 40 18 35 39
17 30 12 18 30 12
34 17 30 10 27 82
14 20 11 27
77 28 21 90
35 102
30Ni, 1Nb 70 12 Ni 16 Ni 20 Ni 25 Ni
39 43 11 15 27
13 15
10 13
13 18 15 13
40 17 28 16 20 18 19
4 9 4.5Ni, 1Mn 96 38 25 19 1
40 25 21 17
35 16
40 17 30 16 48 26 22 58 33 15
*I-Izod C-Charpy **endurance limit—100 million cycles Mar/Apr 2015 | METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING | 31
19 19
24 35
24 19
97 35 13
10 14
12
13 9
9 )
0.001 in. set
0.01 in. set
Bhn
Impact* (ft lb)
40 C-45 150
14 55 18 65
63 55
16 58 46
55 77
180 I-12 235 C-14 88 I-30 130 87
43 120 25
C-30 21 I-30
C-32
80 I-10 70 C-14
18 64 C-19 70
70 67
22 65 61
I-14 I-9
16 60 I-8
C-11 I-5
55 I-5
125 I-40 23 140 I-30 22 160 I-15 30 195
C-9
48 160 C-15 140 60 65
31 80 C-11 130
C-78
32 31 18
13 10
22 13
11
C-11 1-8
C-12
13 11
Fatigue** strength (ksi)
Spec. gravity
8.9
Thermal cond.% of copper
100
8.3 30 8.8
8.8 8.7
11
8.7 8.8
8.5 8.5
18 18
18 18
21 23
8.4 22 7.9 7.7 8.2 8.3 8.3
9 9
22 22 7
8.3 8.7 8.7 8.7
15
8.8 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9
7
19 19 18
18 13 15 17 12 13 16 13 16 15 11 11 8 7 7 6 6
Electrical cond.% IACS
100 20
20 15
15.2 16.6
16.5 18.6
19.6 21.8 7.4 7.7
19.3 21.5 6.1
6.5
10.9 12.4 13.8
12.3 10.8 12.4 14.9 10.0 11.6 9.0 12.2 15.1
13.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 6.5 5.4 5.0 4.6
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