GEO-6 Assessment for PAN-EUROPEAN

Figure 1.2.8: Implications of changes in per-capita food supply for cropland requirements, per capita and million hectares in Southern Europe and Northern Europe

Southern Europe

3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

Years

3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500

1 000 500 0

Years 250

200 150

100 50 0

Years

Animal products Pulses Fruits

Sugar and sugar crops Cereals

Alcoholic Beverages Source: Kastner et al. 2012

2013; Foley 2011). Food waste amounts to 33 per cent (1.3 billion tonnes a year) of all food produced, meaning that 28 per cent of farmland is used to grow food that is thrown away (EEA

40

Starchy roots Spices

Vegetables

Stimulants Oilcrops & Vegetable Oils

Locally-sourced food should provide long-term benefits to both environment and health in the pan-European region (More...22). Also, organic food systems should be considered in terms of co-benefits and cost-efficiency (More...23). Such initiatives should be followed, in order to increase knowledge

Table 1.2.1: Approaches for developing sustainable food systems

Approaches

1. Sustainable dietary

guidelines 2. Tackle

consumer culture

3. Common sustainable food policy

Examples

Merge nutrition and environmental advice

More plants, fewer animals

Tax advertising (not information) Nudging

Cultural messages based on the SDGs

Higher monetary incentives to primary growers for shorter supply chains More horticulture, less agri(meat)culture

Northern Europe

2012; FAO 2011). Food and drink production also contribute to large amounts of GHG emissions. Other unsustainable factors are dependence on fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, conflicting water demands and polluted soil.

Whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and crop varieties provide an answer to the food system challenge is currently the subject of debate, as whilst this technology could protect against pests and pathogens, its overall ecological impacts might bring significant problems to ecosystems and biodiversity.

However, important developments and innovations are being made in breeding techniques, (More...20) supervised by the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) for policy advice (EASAC 2015).

Ecological intensification, using land and resources in ways that minimise negative ecosystem impacts while maintaining agricultural productivity, is another proposed way for a sustainable increase of crop yields (FAO 2013) (More...21).

GEO-6 Assessment for the pan-European Region

Cropland requirements (million hactares/year)

Cropland requirements (m2

/cap/year)

Food supply (kcal/cap/day)

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 1961 1971 1981 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 1961 1971 1981 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 1991 2001 1991 2001

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