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GERMANY


concluded that the high protein contents regularly published for mushrooms do not reflect reality. The Kjeldahl analytical method used to calculate nitrogen in food doesn’t really work for mushrooms, as a considerable portion of the nitrogen present in mushrooms is found in the indigestible chitin in the cell walls. The legal directives regarding determination of the protein content of food have not been amended for mushroom products. Alternative measuring and calculation methods should be established instead.


Eryngii are being prepared for sales.


A trio of substrate producers had been asked to each highlight one aspect of substrate prepara- tion based on their own experiences. Jürgen Kynast (Substratproduktion Kynast-Löcke) presented an extensive overview of raw materi- als that contain lignocelluloses that can be considered for eryngii substrate, provided the recipe can be adapted to suit the methods. Bert Rademakers (CNC Exotic Mushrooms) compared hygienisation in bulk and in individual packages, and the use of filter bags and laser-perforated bags. He also mentioned incubation temperatu- res and the practice of scratching. Sepp Häcki (Kernser Edelpilze) proudly showed the results of the first substrate production in his brand- new plant, beautifully colonised blocks of shiitake and eryngii in laser-perforated bags. He now pasteurises bulk volumes of five tons and has a capacity of 500 tons a week. He told us about the importance of using a standard recipe, and about compressing the blocks when bagging the substrate to encourage efficient pinheading.


At next year’s HLP meeting, we will see this process in practice.


Cultivation and shelves Two growers also took to the floor. Patrick Romanens (Fine Fungi) talked on how essential a good climate is during the various production phases. The parameters for control are tempe- rature and RH, air movement and CO2


. Suffi-


cient evaporation levels are crucial for normal growth, but too low relative humidity can cause too much dehydration. Bert van Avezaat presented a chronological summary of pin- heading and pinhead development of pleurotus eryngii, and emphasised the importance of strict hygiene in the growing rooms. He also stressed that combining different varieties and production phases in a single room must be avoided at all costs.


Bob Holtermans (Mush Comb) advocated greater standardisation of shelving systems, particularly with an eye to further automation. He has developed a modular shelving system suitable for pleurotus ostreatus substrate blocks. In this system the block are attached to vertical pins that can be rotated during harves- ting. This system is space-saving, and allows a higher volume of substrate to be filled into the growing room.


Nutrition


Finally, two scientists lectured on mushrooms as a source of vital nutrition. Dr. Martin Rühl is conducting research at the UNI Giessen into the presence of vitamin D in mushrooms. He concluded that the copious quantities of ergosterol (provitamin D2) are converted into vitamin D2 if exposed to the right type of light. In this way, agaricus bisporus, for example, can reach exceptionally high contents of 400 μg per 100 g of mushroom. Dr. Sabine Ellinger of the University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein continued on the same topic, and showed that mushrooms provide many other interesting nutrients such as selenium, and, very impor- tantly, beta-glucans. Beta-glucans have gained fame as being a class apart, partly thanks to the modulating effect they have on the immune system, and their influence on lowering glucose and cholesterol levels in the bloodstream. To mark the end of this highly educational HLP meeting, the lecturers were treated to a selection of exotic mushrooms. We all parted company satisfied and are already counting the days until the next edition.


36 MUSHROOM BUSINESS





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