The BioMush Consortium, representing, from left to right: AGRON, EST, FTREV, SBGU, CTC, LINCIS, CTICH, ANICC, RECOMSA, INSP and IBET.
of fungal diseases was only possible once the infection was too advanced to avoid crop losses. Moreover, low levels of inoculum may not be symptomatic and could therefore escape detection.
Once the symptoms of fungal diseases appear, they develop rapidly and produce billions of spo- res that quickly spread. Thus, the control of the disease is quite difficult if not detected in time. Therefore, early detection tools for diseases play a crucial role in a proper management system in mushroom crops.
2. The treatment of pests and diseases by biopesticides: a bioinsecticide based on natural enemies and biofungicides based on vegetable extracts were developed, enabling the growers to control fungal diseases with a minimum impact (reduction) on Agaricus bisporus mycelium. To achieve success in the use of non-chemical products, the BioMush project has not just work on finding the most appropriate biological con- trol agents but also in finding optimum dosage, application method and application timing. 3. Crop specific guidelines for Integrated Pest Management: they address mushroom pests and diseases and their detection with the help of the biosensor, biofungicides and bioinsec- ticides. These guidelines follow the General IPM principles: Measures for prevention and/ or suppression of harmful organisms; tools for monitoring; threshold values as basis for decision-making; non-chemical methods to be preferred; target-specificity and minimization of side effects; reduction of use to necessary levels; application of anti-resistance strategies; records, monitoring, documentation and check of success. 4. Training for professional users and distribu- tors, with a focus on the existing IPM principles and current solutions, prevention measures, and on the use of the BioMush results will be implemented.
Expected fi nal results
BioMush offers an integrated solution to help European mushroom growers to implement IPM as part of their growing activities both to comply with the upcoming legis- lation and to reduce crop losses and production costs by efficient management of pests and diseases. This solution is composed of: • A biosensing device for early detection of fungal disease, consisting on a sensor that will detect the main fungal pathogens in Europe (Verticillium, Dactylium and Mycogone) 6 to 10 days before visual symptoms appear and a reading unit.
• A novel formulation and application protocol of biofungicide based on vegetable extracts with biological activity against competitive fungus, able to control a 70% of fungal diseases with a maximum reduction on Agaricus mycelium of 5%.
• A biopesticide solution for the biological treatment of pests and diseases originated by flies (sciarids and phorids) in mushroom cultivation.
• Specific guidelines for IPM in mushroom crops, including the use of the biofungicide, biopesticide and biosensor device.
• A training plan for professional users and distributors for the implementation of the IPM program and BioMush technology in their crops.
More information regarding the project, including a video presenting the project, the results, and the end-user feedback is available on the BioMush website:
http://www.biomush.eu.
BioMush offers an integraded solution to
implement IPM MUSHROOM BUSINESS 9
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