and its ultimate effi ciency of use depending upon the nutrient status of the animal and the productive or physiological function being performed by the animal. Thus, ground fence posts and shelled corn may have the same gross energy value but have markedly dif- ferent useful energy value (TDN or net energy) when consumed by the animal. Therefore, biological attributes of a feed have much


greater meaning in predicting the productive response of animals but are more diffi cult to precisely determine because there is an interaction between the feed’s chemical composition and the animal’s digestive and metabolic capabilities. Biological attributes of feeds are more laborious and costly to determine and are more variable than chemical constituents. They are gener- ally more predictive, however, since they relate to the animal’s response to the feed or diet.


Source of table information Learn more by typing “2016 Feed Composition Ta-


bles” in your favorite internet search engine. Several sources of information were used in arriving at the “typical values” shown in that table. Where informa- tion was not available, but a reasonable estimate could


be made from similar feeds or stage of maturity, this has been done since it is not too helpful to have a table with missing information. Where zeros appear, the amount of that item is so small it can be considered insignifi cant in practical diet formulation. Blanks in- dicate that the value is unknown. ❚


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January 2017 The Cattleman 69


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